**7.1 Dialysis method**

*Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine*

handshaking method.

20 to 30%.

**5.2 French pressure cell method**

**5.3 Freeze-thawed liposome method**

**5.4 The sonication method**

**6. Solvent dispersion method**

**6.1 Ether injection method**

**6.2 Ethanol injection method**

homogeneous with this method.

**6.3 Reverse-phase evaporation method**

liposomes.

into myelin figures. Mechanical agitation provided by vortexing, shaking, swirling, or pipetting causes myelin figures to break and reseal the exposed hydrophobic edges, resulting in the formation of liposomes, which can be made by using the

It involves the extrusion of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) through a small orifice.

The creation of unilamellar vesicles is a result of a fusion of UV throughout the processes of rapidly freezing and slowly thawing. The encapsulation rates go from

The sonication method is the most used method for the preparation of liposomes (unilamellar). Both techniques are *probe sonication*, in which the tip sonicator is directly immersed into the liposome. Dispersion is high and there is overheating, so the vessel is submerged in an ice bath. With this technique, up to 5% of the lipids can be de-esterified after 1 h. The *bath sonicator* is the second type of sonication method, and the dispersion of liposomes in a tube is placed into a bath sonicator. The regulation of the temperature is easier, and the lipid bilayer of liposomes can fuse with other bilayers, thus delivering the liposomal contents. By making lipo-

Ether injection method is also known as solvent vaporization. A solution of lipids dissolved in diethyl ether or an ether-methanol mixture is injected into an aqueous solution of the drug in order to be encapsulated at 55–65°C or under reduced pressures. The removal of ether under vacuum leads to the formation of

A lipid solution of ethanol is rapidly injected to a huge buffer excess. Multilamellar vesicles are at once formed. Unfortunately, the population is not

Reverse-phase evaporation method is based on the formation of inverted micelles. These inverted micelles are formed upon the sonication of a mixture of a buffered aqueous phase, which contains the water-soluble molecules to be encapsulated into the liposomes, and an organic phase, in which the amphiphilic molecules

somes within drug solutions, they can be delivered past lipid bilayers.

The method involves the gentle handling of unstable materials. The resulting liposomes are larger than those generated by using the sonicated method. However,

high temperatures are difficult to obtain and working volumes are small.

**38**

As the detergent is detached, the micelles increasingly become better-off in phospholipids, and, lastly, they combine to form UVs.
