**8. Conclusion**

*Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine*

variety of animal fat and plant oils. It is routinely present in the bile fluid, to help

*Cell membranes are largely lipid phase. A double molecular layer consisting of PC and other phospholipids* 

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are topically administered medications in the form of patches, which can deliver certain medication to systemic circulation in a more convenient and effective way than is possible with conventional dosage form. The potential of skin as a path of drug administration has been amply demonstrated by the acceptability of marketed therapeutic systems [32]. Administration of systemic drugs using a transdermal patch represents a noninvasive route, with improved patient compliance. This route of administration prevents passage through the gastrointestinal tract and maintains constant plasma levels for prolonged periods of time [33]. A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch placed on the skin to deliver a time-released dose of medication through the skin for treating topical or systemic illness. Since early 1990, this dosage form of transdermal therapeutic system has been available in the pharmaceutical market. Such a system offers a variety of significant clinical benefits over others, such as tablet and injection [32, 33]. Transdermal route is a potential mode of delivery of lipophilic drugs in the systemic circulation. Some factors are responsible for transdermal drug delivery such as area of application, amount applied, release kinetics and prolongation of application time [34].

A number of drug delivery system is based entirely on Phosphatidylcholine such as liposomes, ethosomes, phytosomes, transferosomes, and nanocochhelates. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic domain/segment within the molecular geometry of amphiphilic lipids orient and self-organize in ordered supramolecular structure when confronted with solvents. Some commonly used synthetic phospholipids are dioleoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DOPC), dioleoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DOPE), distearoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DSPC), and distearoyl-phosphatidyl-

emulsify food ingredient for absorption [31] (**Figure 4**).

*provides a continuous matrix into which the proteins insert [31].*

**6. Conjugation of NDDS with transdermal route**

ethanolamine (DSPE) [31].

**Figure 4.**

**134**

Ever since the advent of human civilization, man is dependent on nature to fulfill all his need. Traditional system of healing human aliment was also derived from natural resources. In an era of development, devised various means of treatment primarily based on synthetic chemicals and popularly known as allopathic system of treatment. The inherent side effects of this system led to the shift in focus from contemporary to either conventional system of medication or to evolve the Novel drug delivery system. Novel drug delivery vehicles that can be used for the poorly soluble, pH sensitive and less potent drug to make them safe and target oriented. These novel drug delivery vehicles can also be utilized to deliver herbal formulations to its targeted site with lesser side effect. This phenomenon can be further augmented by conjugation of transdermal drug delivery system with novel drug delivery vehicle containing nanobiomedicine as herbal constituents. Phytosomes have shown the potential to be good carrier of herbal constituents for novel drug delivery systems. The combination of Transdermal route and Phytosomal drug delivery opens up an arena for better treatment for the patient suffering from skin diseases, Burn, allergies and bone fracture.
