Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine

lactobionic acid was converted to 1,5-lactone that contain more reactive amine groups. Cucurbitacin B (CurB), a tetracyclic triterpene shows significant pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-hepatitis, hepatocurative and hepatoprotective. The CurB loaded N-hexadecyl lactobionamide (N-HLBA) conjugated SLNs were developed for liver-targeted delivery of CurB. The N-HLBA SLN with anchored galactose moiety via amide bonds might achieve effective livertargeting delivery in vivo by retaining the surface galactose in blood stream, and by exposing a higher amount of galactose to the liver parenchymal cells. The optimum zeta potential held up the physical stability whereas the optimum particle size distribution offered the convenience for intravenous administration and deep penetration into targeting area. The Biodistribution study of the CurB loaded Nhexadecyl lactobionamide (N-HLBA) conjugated SLNs revealed a 2.5-fold increase

in the amount of CurB in the liver when compared with CurB-SLN. In vitro cytotoxicity study revealed enhancement of cytotoxicity. The experimental result vali-

List of SLNs and their different ligand conjugated form for liver targeting have

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the second most deadly disease among the woman around the globe. The breast cancer new incidences and

Recently, controlled release of the drugs to the targeted site of the disease using a nanocarrier vehicle is getting more attention as it enhances the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. Solid lipid nanoparticulate (SLN) formulations possess an endless potential to deliver active chemotherapeutic molecules in a programmed prototype to improve bioavailability and nullify the side-effects. The bio-compatibility and bio-degradability characteristics of SLNs promise to offer a lesser toxic product as compared to polymeric nanoparticles which forced to consider it as an idealistic

Photodynamic therapy is one of the emerging approaches in the treatment of cancer which comprises application of a photosensitizer followed by laser irradiation of tumor lesions. Temoporfin (TP), a photosensitizer loaded in thermoresponsive SLNs were developed with an objective to improve anticancer activity through site specific drug delivery. The copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-blockpoly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers (PEO45-b-PCL7) were synthesized by the mechanism of catalyst-free ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone which was initiated by poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether(MPEO). These copolymers were acts as a stabilizer in the preparation of thermoresponsive SLN. The stability study report revealed that the developed SLNs had higher stability in human serum within the blood transport to tumor tissue. In vitro phototoxicity study revealed higher phototoxic activity of TP against breast cancer cells due to its faster

bioaccumulation in the targeted cancer cells. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of TP-SLN was remarkably higher as compared to the commercial TP formulation [53].

nowadays due to its potential anticancer activity (interact with the DNA). Mn(II) complex loaded SLNs were developed that showed superior cytotoxicity activity on breast cancer cells. The zeta potential value of the product was higher indicating good physical stability and dispersion quality of the SLNs. Cell proliferation assay revealed that the normal cell death rate was lower with Mn(II) SLNs which indicated lesser toxicity of the product to the normal cell. Moreover, higher early apoptosis rate was observed with Mn(II) complex SLN as compared to Mn(II)

) has been extensively used for cancer therapy

dated the liver targeting ability of N-HLBA conjugated SLNs [52].

6. Solid lipid nanoparticles for breast cell targeting

Solid Lipid Based Nano-particulate Formulations in Drug Targeting

mortality rate has been increased by 20 and 14% since 2008.

targeted drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy [5].

6.1 Solid lipid nanoparticle for active breast cell targeting

6.1.2 Manganese (Mn) II complex solid lipid nanoparticles

Transition metal complex (e.g., Manganese II complex

2

been summarized in Table 3.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88268

6.1.1 SLNs for photodynamic therapy

[Mn2(μ(C6H5)2CHCOO)2(bipy)4]

alone [54].

109


#### Table 3.

List of SLNs and their different ligand conjugated forms for liver cell targeting.

## Solid Lipid Based Nano-particulate Formulations in Drug Targeting DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88268

lactobionic acid was converted to 1,5-lactone that contain more reactive amine groups. Cucurbitacin B (CurB), a tetracyclic triterpene shows significant pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-hepatitis, hepatocurative and

Sl. no SLN (Type)

01 SLN SL,

03 SLN GL,

Lipid (s)

GMS

02 SLN SA Hot-

SP, TP

04 SLN SA Warm

05 SLN GB High-speed

06 SLN SA Modified

07 C-SLN CO Modified

GT, CHO

09 G-SLN COMP High-pressure

08 PEG-SLN

Table 3.

108

Hot Emulsification Technique

Preparation method

Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine

Emulsification ultrasonic dispersion method

homogenization followed by ultra-sonication

emulsification followed by sonication

shearing followed by ultrasonication

multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique

emulsification and solvent evaporation method

homogenization

List of SLNs and their different ligand conjugated forms for liver cell targeting.

Solventemulsification method

hepatoprotective. The CurB loaded N-hexadecyl lactobionamide (N-HLBA) conjugated SLNs were developed for liver-targeted delivery of CurB. The N-HLBA SLN with anchored galactose moiety via amide bonds might achieve effective livertargeting delivery in vivo by retaining the surface galactose in blood stream, and by exposing a higher amount of galactose to the liver parenchymal cells. The optimum zeta potential held up the physical stability whereas the optimum particle size distribution offered the convenience for intravenous administration and deep penetration into targeting area. The Biodistribution study of the CurB loaded Nhexadecyl lactobionamide (N-HLBA) conjugated SLNs revealed a 2.5-fold increase

Drugs Target Model Comments Ref.

biodistribution of BCL in Liver, Superior anti oxidative and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities

Anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory and detoxification potential

Down regulate the lipogenic gene and Up-regulate the lipolytic gene.

bioaccumulation of drug in liver

bioavailability, higher bioaccumulation in

Spectacular progress of pathophysiological symptoms in liver fibrosis

and hepatoprotective

Higher liver bioaccumulation of

PTX

Wistar rats Enhanced antitumor

activity

Improved

liver

activity

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

BCL Liver Rats Improved

line, Rats

mice,

Rats

and hepatocytes

MCF7, PANC-1

PP Hepatocytes 3D7, Mice Improved antimalarial

Wistar rats Higher

FB Liver HepG2 cell

BBR Liver Male db/db

SFB Liver Female SD

siRNA LDL Receptor Rat, HSCs

PTX Hepatocytes HepG2,

CurB ASGP Receptor

CSPT Hepatocellular carcinomas

in the amount of CurB in the liver when compared with CurB-SLN. In vitro cytotoxicity study revealed enhancement of cytotoxicity. The experimental result validated the liver targeting ability of N-HLBA conjugated SLNs [52].

List of SLNs and their different ligand conjugated form for liver targeting have been summarized in Table 3.
