**4. Biomedical applications**

LPNs have been prepared for efficient encapsulation and delivery of the wide range of therapeutic agents either alone or in combinations. LPNs have wide range of applications in cancer therapy and delivery of protein based therapeutic agents, i.e., small interfering RNA, nucleic acid and genes delivery etc. Additionally, LPNs can be used for oral drug delivery of many drugs [46]. LPN has wide range of applications in gene and DNA delivery, vaccines and diagnostic imaging agents as shown in **Figure 2** [2].
