**Author details**

*Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine*

observed due to lipid tail and polymeric core [58].

**4.5 Miscellaneous pharmacological applications**

interaction and entrance pathway into host cells [60].

after 24 h and passed the skin irritation and stability tests [43].

which showed increased skin permeation capacity [44].

ids, which increase the bioavailability of the drug [45].

**4.4 Stimuli responsive LPNs**

**4.3 Theranostic agents**

physicochemical properties and transfection efficiencies [55].

concentration of polymer and lipid. This localized siRNA then modifies the release,

LPNs not only used for delivering of therapeutic agent but also used for diagnostic purpose. Different type of imaging agents such as quantum dots, fluorescent dyes and iron oxide are incorporated in polymer core. Lipid-polymer and lipid-quantum dot nanoparticles were prepared in a single step with narrow size distribution [56]. Physicochemical properties can be controlled by varying the experimental conditions. Such multicomponent nanoparticles can be used therapy and diagnosis simultaneously. LPNs are used for theranostic purposes in which phospholipids are attached on one side of polymer chain and fluorophores are linked on the other side. LPNs were designed to incorporate MRI contrast agent, gadolinium, chelated with lipid-PEG in PLGA core. These agents have shown effective uptake of nanoparticles within 3 h by J-774 cells [57]. Instead of conjugation with imaging agent, fluorescence dye was uploaded in LPNs core surrounded by lipid-PEG shell. The final size of such nanoparticles was in the range from 20 to 30 nm and bright fluorescence was

Stimuli responsive drug delivery systems have the ability to deliver therapeutic agents at target sites in a controlled manner with minimum side effects. LPNs comprise of magnetic beads. Stimuli responsive drug delivery system has the advantage to deliver the therapeutic agent in a controlled manner at target site. In a core (PLGA) shell (soyabean lecithin) nanoparticle system, magnetic beads were used for stimuli responsive release of camptothecin when exposed to radio frequency magnetic field. The release of drug was increased by 60% using radio frequency which significantly decreased the mouse breast cancer cell growth. Such system can be beneficial in cancer chemotherapy due to easy preparation, bio-stability and site specific drug delivery [59].

Hepatitis C is a chronic disease which leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. LPNs are used to label HCV viral particles for their detection, possible

LPNs have recently used for improving the local anesthetic action of lidocaine. Two different kinds of nanocarriers, i.e., liposomes and LPNs were prepared and evaluated the skin permeation ability, in vitro and in vivo drug release studies, encapsulation efficiency and particle size. Results indicated that LPNs has better and improved efficacy of lidocaine as compared to liposomal delivery system due to smaller size (88.6 nm). The steady state flux of LPNs was found to be 65.4 μg/h/cm2

LPNs were used for nasal delivery of an antiviral drug, tenofovir using melt emulsification-probe sonication technique. Intranasal flux of 135.36 μg/cm2

enhanced fluidity improved the drug permeation through membrane phospholip-

/h and

SLNs are developed for topical administration of norfloxacin using solvent evaporation method. These nanoparticles have shown antimicrobial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and could be used for the treatment of burn wound and topical infections. SLNs have shown 89.72% drug release

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Nayab Tahir1 \*, Muhammad Tahir Haseeb1 , Asadullah Madni<sup>2</sup> , Farzana Parveen<sup>2</sup> , Muhammad Muzamil Khan<sup>2</sup> , Safiullah Khan2 , Nasrullah Jan2 and Arshad Khan2

1 College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

2 Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

\*Address all correspondence to: nayabtahir132@gmail.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
