Heat Transfer in Industrial Processes

Chapter 2

Abstract

Evaporators

and Kim Choon Ng

conventional correlations.

1. Introduction

9

Design of Industrial Falling Film

The high performance evaporators are important for process industries such as food, desalination and refineries. The falling film evaporators have many advantages over flooded and vertical tubes that make them best candidate for processes industries application. The heat transfer area is the key parameter in designing of an evaporator and many correlations are available to estimate the size of tube bundle. Unfortunately, most of the correlation is available only for pure water and above 322 K saturation temperatures. Out of these conditions, the areas are designed by the extrapolation of existing correlations. We demonstrated that the actual heat transfer values are 2–3-fold higher at lower temperature and hence simple extrapolated estimation leads to inefficient and high capital cost design. We proposed an accurate heat transfer correlation for falling film evaporators that can capture both, low temperature evaporation and salt concentration effectively. It is also embedded with unique bubble-assisted evaporation parameter that can be only observed at low temperature and it enhances the heat transfer. The proposed correlation is applicable from 280 to 305 K saturation temperatures and feed water concentration ranges from 35,000 to 95,000 ppm. The uncertainty of measured data is less than 5% and RMS of regressed data is 3.5%. In this chapter, first part summarized the all available correlations and their limitations. In second part, falling film evaporation heat transfer coefficient (FFHTC) is proposed and model is developed. In the last part, experimentation is conducted and FFHTC developed and compared with

Keywords: heat transfer, falling film, evaporator design, seawater evaporator

they have many advantages over submerged tubes evaporators. In the past, the vertical tubes evaporators were considered as most efficient but now they have been replaced by falling film evaporators due to its distinctive nature of operation. The submerged and vertical tubes evaporators are normally not fast responsive to many operational parameters. On the other hand, the falling film evaporators respond fast to feed quality and heat source supplied. These properties make them very efficient to operate across small temperature differences so that they can be arranged in cascading manners for maximum efficiency. In addition, falling film

evaporators have many other advantages such as:

The falling film evaporators currently leading in the processes industries because

Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Muhammad Burhan
