Section 3 Vulnerability

*Earthquakes - Impact, Community Vulnerability and Resilience*

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**34**

**37**

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

Earthquake Disasters and the

Men in Chile: A Case Study for

*Gilles Tremblay, Ray Bustinza and Gabriel Gingras-Lacroix*

The article focuses on the long-term health of a rural male population exposed to a major earthquake event in Chile, in 2010. The results show that a majority of the male study participants considered that their physical and mental health had deteriorated over a 7-year span following the earthquake and that these impacts were strongest in men aged 65 years or more. In considering potential lessons for intervention, the results must be interpreted within the context of the construction of male identities in a rural community, informed by generally conservative values and binary malefemale gender roles. The article concludes that health and social services workers and administrators providing interventions to male populations following earthquake must work to reduce the gap between the service offer and men's real needs, which are

Long-Term Health of Rural

Psychosocial Intervention

*Oscar Labra, Robin Wright, Danielle Maltais,* 

frequently insufficiently understood and inadequately coded.

**Keywords:** helping professionals, men, rural community, natural disaster

The present article aims to describe the long-term health impacts of a earthquake on men in a rural community. Survivors of natural disasters experience traumatic effects, whose intensity and gravity can vary in relation to risk factors present before, during and after the disaster event [1]. Previous studies have found that individuals exposed to a disaster event exhibit comparatively high incidences of depressive and somatic symptoms, emotional distress, memory impairment [2–7]. For example, in a study of 302 adults living in rural Australian communities, he was demonstrated that psychological distress levels were higher in individuals exposed to a disaster event than in those who were not [8]. Lazaratou et al. [9], for their part, found that over half of survivors exhibited post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms during a 6-month period following an earthquake and that, in some cases, the symptoms could persist up to 50 years after a disaster. Within populations of male disaster survivors, elderly individuals appear to be the most vulnerable [10–14], due to such factors as the presence of various health problems, reduced physical and cognitive autonomy, and hearing loss [15–18]. Other studies have also confirmed that the elderly are at higher risk of injury and death during and following exposure to a disaster event [13, 19–23].

## **Chapter 4**
