**Part 3**

**Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Systemic Health** 

128 Periodontal Diseases - A Clinician's Guide

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(2004). Association of Fcgamma receptor IIa genotype with chronic periodontitis in Caucasians. *Journal of Periodontology*, Vol.75, No.4, (April, 2004), pp.517-522, ISSN

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**6** 

*1,4,5Saudi Arabia* 

*2,3India* 

**The Emerging Concepts on the Impact of** 

*3People's College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 4Department of Prosthetic Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 5Dental Implant and Osseointegration Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh,* 

Oral health is an integral component of general health and well-being of an individual. Knowledge about the link between periodontal disease and systemic health is growing rapidly. Increasing evidence is available indicating periodontitis as a risk factor for various systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, low birth weight infants and pulmonary diseases (Cullinan et al., 2009; Scannapieco et al., 2010). To date, the bulk of evidence points to the higher levels of circulating periodontal bacterial components, such as endotoxins, that could travel via blood to other organs in the body and cause harm (Dave and Van Dyke, 2008). The relationship between periodontal bacteria and systemic diseases was investigated extensively during the past two decades. More recently, a wealth of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies have provided irrefutable evidence that periodontal disease negatively impacts systemic health and proposed mechanisms by which such an association may occur (Fisher et al., 2008; Marakoglu et al., 2008). It is now widely accepted that periodontitis can induce pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and mediators which may play a major role in the development of a variety of systemic conditions (Kuo et al., 2008). However, with the knowledge of possible links between periodontal disease and systemic conditions, patients with advanced periodontitis could be considered systemically compromised even in the absence of overt clinical symptoms or

As science discovers new ways to identify the specific disease process and pathogens, the dental profession discovers new ways to manage the disease from a medical approach. This chapter is focused on evaluating and updating the current status of oral infections, especially periodontitis, as a causal factor for systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes

mellitus, respiratory disorders, preterm low birth weight and osteoporosis.

*Look to thy mouth; diseases enter here - George Herbert (1593-1632)* 

**1. Introduction** 

illness.

**Periodontitis on Systemic Health** 

S. Anil1,5, S. V. Varma2, R.S. Preethanath1, P. S. Anand3 and A. Al Farraj Aldosari4

*1Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala,* 
