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## Meet the editor

Dr. Aziz is currently an associate professor at the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. He received his BEng, MEng, and DEng degrees from Kyushu University, Japan, in 2004, 2006, and 2008, respectively. He previously worked for Seiko-Epson Corp., Japan, until 2009, and completed his postdoctoral at the University of Tokyo in 2011. He then moved to the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, as assistant

professor, after which he became an associate professor at the same university in 2015. His general research area is energy systems. His research interest includes power generation, renewable energy utilization, process modeling, smart grid, electric vehicles, batteries, and hydrogen production and utilization. He has authored more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals, and 16 books and book chapters. Recently, he received several awards including Outstanding Paper Award from the Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan in 2013, Japan Institute of Energy Award for Encouragement in 2016, and the Best Paper Award from the Japan Society of Energy and Resources in 2018.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

Scheme

**Section 3**

*by Muhammad Aziz*

**Preface III**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Advanced Energy Conversion **9**

**Chapter 2 11** Chemical Looping Combustion Power Generation System for a Power-to-Gas

**Chapter 3 25**

Energy Management System **39**

**Chapter 4 41**

**Chapter 5 63**

**Chapter 6 75**

*by Muhammad W. Ajiwibowo, Arif Darmawan and Muhammad Aziz*

Exergy in Photovoltaic/Thermal Nanofluid-Based Collector Systems

Electrical Vehicle-Assisted Demand Side Energy Management

Energy Management through Electromagnetic Conversion

Supercapacitors as Guarantors for Energy Sustainability in Low-Power

*by Amin Farzanehnia and Mohammad Sardarabadi*

*by Xing Luo, Xu Zhu and Eng Gee Lim*

Energy Harvesting Sensor Modules

*by Dalibor Purkovic*

*by Eduardo Torres-Sánchez*

Introductory Chapter: Green Energy Systems

## Contents


Preface

Exergy has been defined as the maximum work that is useful, extracted from any process toward its equilibrium. Hence, it has a very strong connection with the second law of thermodynamics. In energy harvesting and management systems, the concept of exergy is very important because it represents the efficiency of the system. Exergy can be used as a tool to measure resource efficiency, as well as whole system sustainability. In addition, it can also be used to analyze and clarify the performance of each process; hence, methods of improvement can be determined.

This book is the result of a very careful selection of chapters and contributors in the related field. The book is divided into three main sections according to the approaches and purpose of each proposed chapter. The first chapter in the "Introduction" section, deals with detailed exergy analysis of developed photovoltaic/thermal systems employing nanofluid, which are designed to harvest solar energy efficiently. Various models have been developed and compared with each other to achieve optimum design and conditions. In addition, the utilization of nanofluid as optical filters of solar radiation leads to higher exergy efficiency. The second section, "Advanced energy conversions," describes several advanced technologies that are considered to have great potential in energy conversion and harvesting, and comprises three chapters. The second chapter describes the idea of power-to-gas energy storage systems coupled with a combined cycle employing chemical looping combustion technology to facilitate base and intermediate loads of power utilizing unused or surplus electricity from the grid. In addition, the idea of chemical looping also results in very clean energy conversion due to its capability to separate the produced CO2 during the reduction process. In this chapter, to achieve high total energy efficiency, the idea of enhanced process integration technology is employed resulting in efficient and optimal heat and exergy recovery throughout the system. The third chapter focuses on novel models and design for energy conversion (power generation) using the principles of electromagnetics. The text contains a detailed description related to electromagnetic induction, magnetic susceptibility, potential materials, and magnetic hysteresis. In addition, a diagram of electromagnetic

The third section focuses on the idea of "innovative energy management systems" toward high-quality energy systems and contains two chapters. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the utilization of electric vehicles for demand-side energy management. The vast deployment of electric vehicles is considered to have great potential when they can be utilized effectively for providing ancillary services to the grid. In addition, the utilization of electric vehicles in load scheduling can facilitate households to alleviate the network load burden, in addition to reducing electricity bills. Also in this chapter, two different models of demand response assisted using electric vehicles are described, including electric vehicle auxiliary power supply and neighbor energy-sharing models. The objective of the developed models is to optimize the load distribution for both individual and multihousehold networks via vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-neighbor connections. Finally, the fifth chapter explains the utilization of supercapacitors as very responsive energy storage devices in low-power modules. The supercapacitor has many advantages compared to other

systems is also provided and explained.
