Passive Components for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88444

UWB range of frequency and also with narrow band modes to cover for example

Keywords: ultra-wide band (UWB), monopole antenna, UWB filters, filtenna,

In recent years, UWB technology has mostly focused on consumer electronics and wireless communications. Federal Communication Commission (FCC) issued a report in February 2002, allowing the commercial and unlicensed deployment of UWB applications in USA for both indoor and outdoor spectral mask. This wide frequency allocation initiated a lot of researches from both industry and academia [1]. UWB is used for short and medium range of radio communications and posi-

The European regulatory body issue similar restrictions are shown in Figure 1. The key limitations for wireless communication using UWB are mentioned in [2–4]. UWB impulse radio system has several advantages over other conventional

i. High data rate wireless transmission: UWB systems can support more than 500 Mb/s data transmission rate in the range of 10 m, which enables for new

ii. High precision ranging: UWB systems have good time-domain resolution and it could be provided centimeter accuracy for location and tracking applications.

iv. UWB can operate under LOS and NLOS environments for signal penetrating

vi. The power spectral density is very low so it is secure and can coexist with

iii. UWB is used for location and tracking applications with cm accuracy.

v. UWB system is capable of resistance to multipath fading.

other services such as WLAN, GPS, cellular system, etc.

vii.The UWB system has low cost due to using CMOS technology.

electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG), log parodic

UWB/WiMAX applications.

UWB Technology - Circuits and Systems

1. Introduction

tioning applications.

obstacles.

Figure 1.

102

European regulatory body spectrum.

services and applications.

systems [5].

Due to UWB technology and using nanosecond pulses in many applications such as military and biotechnology applications [6–8], the need for very broadband circularly polarized antenna has emerged. These UWB CP antennas are the substitution of the narrowband CP microstrip patch antennas [8–10].

One of the most commonly used devices to control the spectrum of radio frequency signals and necessary in an UWB radio system whether in impulse system or multiband system, in order to reconfigure the UWB signal to satisfy the spectrum regulation is the filter. Ultra-wide band (UWB) band-pass filter that achieves ultra bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6, low insertion loss, low and flat group delay, out-band performance can be considered a well-designed UWB band-pass filter.

In UWB band-pass filters, one can use many techniques in their design such as composite low-pass and high-pass structure [11], multiple-mode resonator structure [14], and short-circuited stub [12, 13]. Because UBW components occupy a large bandwidth which may be extended from 3.1 up to 10.6 GHz, interference attenuation due to coexisting services should be avoided. This is the motivation of using switchable or tunable narrow band notch within the passband of the UWB filter [15–17]. This may be achieved by many methods such as using additional notch resonators [18], embedded open stubs [19], asymmetric coupled fed lines [20], out-of-phase transmission cancelation [21], meander-line slots [22], and short-circuited stub resonators in a multilayer periodical structure [23].

To deal with different co-existed communication needs, the reconfigurable notch band implementation is required, but little research is concentrated on a UWB BPF with reconfigurable, switchable, or tunable notch bands as in [24–26].

An HFSS, FEM-based, 3D full wave electromagnetic solver simulator by ANSYS as well as CST were used for the design of all designed antennas. Also, ADS was used to design the filters and filtennas in addition to the above electromagnetic simulators in this chapter.

This chapter describes one example for printed millimeter wave antenna implementations, illustrating specific and interesting particular solutions for their design and two shapes of single UWB antenna in radio frequency range. In addition, two examples of UWB filters and one example of UWB filtennas are introduced.
