Author details

where ψ<sup>R</sup>is the correlation matrix of the receiving antenna and is expressed

<sup>ψ</sup><sup>R</sup> <sup>¼</sup> <sup>ρ</sup><sup>11</sup> <sup>ρ</sup><sup>12</sup> ρ<sup>21</sup> ρ<sup>22</sup> 

<sup>ρ</sup>ii <sup>¼</sup> <sup>1</sup> � Sii j j<sup>2</sup> <sup>þ</sup> Sij

Figure 16 shows that the channel capacity loss changes with the variation of frequencies. It can be seen that the capacity loss values are always less than 0.3 b/s/

A compact third iteration fractal antenna with notch-loaded ground plane for UWB applications is investigated and analysed. By using orthogonal arrangement of two antenna elements, polarization diversity performance is achieved. The designed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.7–19.4 GHz, isolation of more than 15 dB, a size miniaturization up to 92% over previously reported structures and good diversity performance parameters values like ECC < 0.005, almost constant DG = 10 and channel capacity loss of less than 0.3 b/s/Hz which makes it suitable for UWB polarization applications in future wireless communication systems to

<sup>ρ</sup>ij ¼ � <sup>S</sup><sup>∗</sup>

 

ji Sij

<sup>2</sup>

ii Sij <sup>þ</sup> <sup>S</sup><sup>∗</sup>

(8)

(9)

(10)

mathematically as

Figure 16.

i, j = 1 or 2.

4. Conclusion

54

Hz in the UWB operating range.

Capacity loss versus frequency characteristic.

UWB Technology - Circuits and Systems

mitigate the multipath fading.

Sarthak Singhal<sup>1</sup> \* and Amit Kumar Singh<sup>2</sup>

1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

2 Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

\*Address all correspondence to: sarthak.ece@mnit.ac.in

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
