3.2 Diseases

sensors, transmits the collected information to a remote monitoring station. Figure 1 depicts the advantages of wearable communications to enhance the readiness and alertness of the wearers, devices and vehicles to act as an integrated unit, regardless of their physical location and distance from the occurrence.

wearable-based functions.

Wearable Devices - The Big Wave of Innovation

3. Wearables for health

rehabilitation solutions.

Enhancing this composition, we may implant cameras in the wearables and provide real-time information to all who involved in a given situation. We may assume that this architecture is the right architecture and infrastructure for any

A dominant area of wearables is health. It is aiming to predict and treat common cases by acquiring and processing physiological and environmental data. Wearable technologies allow consumers to be better at converting personal, biological and environmental data into valuable consumer insights. Wearables can transmit the data to and from the consumer at the appropriate time, creating new consumption experiences that can improve the landscape of health and fitness. These insights may turn into holistic decisions and goaldirected actions, especially if patients allow the access to their physiological data,

collected from wearables. A new generation of wearable sensors enables

resulting higher quality of care at lower cost would also contribute to better operating efficiencies and lower overhead costs for insurance companies, as

seamless transformation of data to deliver value.

ment, patient monitoring and prevention.

3.1 Personalization

116

resources can be better spent on providing care and not on measures to ensure high quality of care is being provided. This is where wearables have a critical role to play in creating and serving as the core of an ecosystem essential for facilitating the

Healthy lifestyle improves employee's productivity and lower absence rate [9]. Insurance companies can collect its activity and sleeping data to leverage the data for personal insurance plans and reward employees for good health score. An American insurance company issued a wearables based health program pilot, which continuously collects invasive and noninvasive data, such as vital signs. Artificial intelligence provides an added value to healthcare with a focus on diagnosis, treat-

The doctor, with the help of a software expert can quickly create a program based on the needs of the patient. Early diagnosis: precise medical parameters allow early detection of symptoms. Remote patient monitoring: healthcare professionals can monitor patients remotely and in real-time using wearable devices. Adherence to medication: help patients to take medications on time and inform medical professionals if the patient fails to adhere to medications. Information registry: the data are stored in real time allowing an exhaustive analysis of the information. The result

physicians to capture long-term-patients' activity levels and exercise compliance, facilitating effective dispensing of medications for chronic patients and provide tools to assess their ability to perform specific motor activities, and propose

Wearables enable remote health monitoring of patients [7, 8]. The data are sent from the wearable to the physician's office, avoiding the need for office visits. The ability to continuously track patients' health helps identifying potential problems through preventive interventions and so enhances the quality of care and save money, since the cost of prevention is most cases is less than the treatment cost. The

Several researchers proposed wearable-based solutions for specific diseases [11], to assist in curing or relieving the symptoms of a list of diseases as follows:


6. Mosquito-borne diseases: it causes a wide range of deadly diseases, such as malaria, chikungunya, yellow fever, the Zika virus and the Ebola virus. The kite patch is a patch-type wearable that disperses volatile compounds and is worn on a shirt to repel mosquitoes.

Diet-related deficiencies are estimated at 3.5 million deaths annually. This results in rapid urbanization and food consumption patterns that require nutrition safety. The public health nutrition wearable and implantable sensors approach provides a new perspective in human and animal nutrition and dietary. They lead to reliable and effective nutrition and health interdisciplinary approaches and tackle the ever-

The effectiveness of wearable devices and fitness trackers, and mobile application on healthy life and care delivery outcomes, such as weight loss and maintenance have been documented in developed countries. Nutritional and dietary wearable technology has a critical role in contributing to nutritional and food challenges paradigm shift in Africa. It provides real time, home-, work- and hospital-based rapid, accurate and cost-effective detection, and diagnosis of nutrition/energy or diet deficiency or excess is much needed. It supports the generation of quality information and knowledge for individual, vulnerable group to national decision-making nutrition policy and guidelines, programs and interventions towards healthier lifestyle and increasing life expectancy, more productivity and wellness. Real time is required for flexible applications of smart wearable and implantable sensors are needed in providing clues into effective fitness and feeding

To estimate daily total energy expenditure (TEE) using a physical activity monitor, combined with dietary assessment of energy intake to assess the relationship between daily energy expenditure and patterns of activity with energy intake. [14] An activity monitor has been used to determine the total energy expenditure, sleep duration and physical activity. The armband was placed around the left upper triceps. Energy intake was determined by evaluating all food and drink items. TEE was correlated with BMI and body weight but inversely related to sleep duration and time lying down. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that after taking BMI, sleep duration and time spent lying down into account, TEE was no longer correlated with energy intake. Results show the extent to which body mass, variable activity and sleep patterns may be contributing to TEE and together with reduced energy intake, energy requirements were not satisfied. Hence, wearable technology has the potential to offer real-time monitoring to provide appropriate nutrition

The known high percentage of accidents occurring in the construction industry,

calls for developing safety strategies. In this section, we describe personalized construction safety-monitoring applications, incorporating wearable technology. These devices predict safety performance and management practices are identified

management which is more person-centered to prevent weight loss.

and analyzed. Awolusi et al. [15] present a variety of solutions.

growing local and global nutrition challenges. Modern convenient and costeffective wearable sensors can be used to educate, track and predict energy level and advice on interventions or activities required to improve the excess or deficiency and adaptation changes from plant-derived sources in achieving balanced choices and quantities of unique fruit and vegetable phytochemical/micronutrient

Wearable Devices and their Implementation in Various Domains

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86066

needs.

best practices.

3.4 Body dietary and energy balance

4. Wearables for other domains

4.1 Construction

119

