**3. Some problems on the way**

There are some obstacles in using mobile phones in education. Some of these are students not having smartphone, slow Internet access, and insufficient smartphone usage awareness. Also, administrators', teachers', and students' negative attitude toward smartphone usage in education may present an obstacle in this new technology's usage. Some research studies show that there was no significant difference between the traditional, blended, and mobile groups of students' paper and mobile exam results [41]. Also, studies show that there is not a significant difference between male and female students' exam results [41]. The only difference was between the students who were familiar with the mobile technology exams and between those who were novice.

Students' perspectives are vital guides for upcoming directions in teaching and learning [22]; therefore, research studies aimed first by finding students' attitudes to smartphone usage; delivered education to three different groups of students to measure if there is any significant difference between students having mobile courses or other courses; and then the research is directed to students' perspectives of mobile education. The increasingly widespread use of new communication methods via smartphones occupies an important place in the lives of young people and influences their leisure activities [39, 42]. A high percentage of students at universities have the latest technology smartphones and are professionals using its facilities like taking pictures, creating albums, and using Gmail, Viber, WhatsApp, and Facebook perfectly with their phones. Due to the reasonable price of mobile Internet connection plans, this usage increases day by day. Smartphones are today's handheld computers for configuring the daily schedules, saving large documents, watching videos, listening music, using Internet, using World Wide Web, video conferencing, and much more than a human mind can imagine.

There are also some researchers which state that using smartphones in a classroom is supported by data suggesting that the use of such technology (e.g., text messaging during class) is negatively related to sustained attention, and sustained attention itself is positively related to academic performance. On the other hand, the use of mobile technologies in the classroom also stimulates students while they learn new material [43]. Due to strong mobile technology infrastructure in communication and Internet connections, students can benefit from both formal and informal learning methods [44]. Sometimes, social media tools may not fit into the configurations of all mobile devices. Some of the functions may be disabled, and frequent update of software is required [45].
