Challenging areas in MOF.

*Nanostructures*

**Metal in organic frameworks**

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67

Materials of Institut Lavoisier MIL-100 (chromium)

**Table 1.**

Zinc Hierarchical

Ni-based MOF Nickel-doped

ZIF-8 PCDM-800

Nickel/zinc Ni-phthalocyanine

carbon-C1000

Magnetic carbon sponges

carbon

nanoporous carbons


Cr-MCN nanochromium oxidemesoporous carbon nitrides

*Metal-organic framework-reconfigured carbon materials for adsorptions.*

**128**

frameworks own wide utility in water treatment techniques like selective and sensitive adsorption/detection of pollutants from water/wastewaters. These reconfigurated matrixes, scaffolds and templates own magnificent adsorption profile due to remarkable features, viz. huge surface area H-donor/π–π bonding capacity and

**Example Brunauer-**

**Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area [m2 g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> ]**

ZIF-8 Iron-doped carbon 606 –/5 nm Reflection loss of

ZIF-8 PCDM-1000/1200 1855 –/– 320 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

Iron Fe3O4-carbon 439 –/0.80 nm —

**Pore volume [cm3 g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> ]/d**

524 –/0.80 nm 59.20 cm3

62 0.20/– 58,000 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

110 –/1.80 mm Reflection loss of

885 –/– –

999 0.90/– 395 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

1294 0.40/– 16.8 mmol g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

**Absorption utility**

 g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> for CO2

silicone oil

29.50 dB

51.80 dB

for IBP

, 898 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and 271 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> Rhodamine-B, malachite green and for methyl orange, respectively

for CO2

for

and 22.5 mmol g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

hydrogen gas

for

The outstanding properties of reconfigured MOF matrixes are used for sensing or absorption of assorted biological species like genes, cells, tissues, drugs and selective single-stranded DNA and quenching label fluorescent dyes. Magnetic nanocarbon porous scaffolds are reconfigured via thermolytic iron oxides MIL-88A matrix to proclaim sensing platform for double-stranded DNA with target DNA and aids in the release of single-stranded DNA probes (1 × 10−9 m detection range) onto adsorptive surface in DNA hybridize sensor electrochemical impedance detection [3, 4]. Iridium-MOF-8 scaffolds act as hybrid electrochemical sensing/detection of anesthetic lidocaine (0.20 × 10<sup>−</sup>12–8 × 10−<sup>9</sup> m). N-link glycan-metal organicbased frameworks obtained through pyrolysis can remove zinc ions from soils and

great hydrophobic environments [1–3].

**2.14 Biological applications of MOF**

complex biological samples.

These reconfigured scaffolds, templates and matrixes yield advanced materials which fulfill existing needs like high-performance energy-power storage, adsorption and chemosensor/marker utilities in today's modern science and technology [1]. Reconfigurated materials offer superior benefits over traditional porous materials due to huge specific surface area, tuneable porosity and facile skeletal functions. Such innovative materials emerge through reconfigurated synthetic methods and material structures, and analogous outputs really trust reciprocated improvement in various disciplines including batteries, supercapacitors, electro-catalysts and water treatment techniques. Yet, few perspective challenges and key problems as presented below are to be solved:

