Abstract

Electrospun nanofibers are being used in a variety of performance apparel applications where their unique properties add to their functionality. Those properties include, small fiber diameter, high surface area, potential to combine chemistry, layer thinness, high porosity, filtration properties, and low basis weight. Electrospinning has been considered as an efficient technique for nanofiber web formation. Polymers have been electrospun into nanofibers mostly after being dissolved in solvent and melted. This chapter presents a comprehensive summary of existing electrospinning methods. Electrospinning methods are classified into different categories depend upon jet formation.

Keywords: electrospinning, spinneret, needleless electrospinning, nanofiber

#### 1. Introduction

Nanotechnology denotes to the science and designing concerning materials, structures, and gadgets which at least one of the dimension is 100 nm or less. Electrospun nanofiber webs can be modified to a desired porous structure, and in these are a huge range of polymers that can be used to make nanofibers [1]. The unique combination of high surface area, low weight, flexibility, and porous structure enables us to control the water resistance level, vapor transmission, and air permeability rate. Consumption of nanofibers in the world is shown in Figure 1. Applications of electrospun nanofibers, as shown in Figure 2, include tissue engineering scaffolds [2], filtration [3], catalyst and enzyme carriers [4, 5], release control [6], sensors [7], energy storage [8], affinity membranes [9], recovery of metal ions [10–12], wound healing [13], reinforcement [14], protective clothing [15, 16], and energy conversion and storage [17].

#### 1.1 Various ways to make nanofibers

Nanofibers can be processed by a number of techniques such as:


#### Figure 1.

Consumptions of nanofibers in world [18].

#### Figure 2.

Potential applications electrospun nanofibers [18].
