**5. Conclusion**

PNCs have been explored for the construction of novel biosensors using PNC like materials as sensing elements. The efficient combination of different nanoscaled materials with good conductive polymers open a new avenue for utilizing novel PNCs as enhanced elements for constructing electrochemical sensing platforms with high performance. Health monitoring wearable tech like Fitbit or Apple Watch are all based on the PNC electrochemical sensors are of great interest in the health industry for the detection of physiological parameters of the human body. The progress of PNC-based wearable electrochemical sensors to analyses biochemical fluids other than blood such as interstitial fluids, sweat, tears, and saliva invoked interests in Silicon Valley echelons like Google, OrSense, and NovioSense which made the sector more interesting. Another significant challenge is the technical challenges to the wearability of the PNC-based material for manufacturing the same which includes analytical performance and biocompatibility. There is significant progress reported on the PANI-based wearable immunosensor used for epidermal pH monitoring. With all these advances the future of PNC-based devices is promising and applications shall reach out to commercial sensing applications like military, health-care and community fitness initiatives.

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**Author details**

Baiju John1,2,3

*Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors*

1 Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering, Graduate School of

2 The Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, Japan

3 Duann Innovations and Systems, Houston, TX, USA

\*Address all correspondence to: jonsbaiju@gmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86826*

*Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86826*
