**3.4 Sociopolitical impacts**

Solar panels are usually installed at the roofs of the buildings that increase the job opportunities in the PV system fabrication and installation. This increases the regional development and reduces the usage of energy from nonrenewable energy projects. It is very useful at the regions where there is no access of electricity. The major problem


**233**

**3.5 Impacts on grid**

geothermal energy is complex [25].

*Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources*

with solar system is the high investment and maintenance cost. Biomass energy projects have great contribution in the local job creation and the development of rural areas. Such types of power plants have large opportunities of jobs in construction of plants, management, maintenance of plants, production, and preparation of biomass. Only the noise production and unpleasant smell are the negative impacts of these plants. Fuel cells have slow implementation because of their high cost of plant construction and energy generation. Their construction and operation create jobs in almost all technical activities. In hydro power plants, the major sociopolitical problem is the shifting of the people from the areas where the plant is going to be constructed. These plants provide significant jobs for local community and also play an important role in the economic development of the community. The construction of tidal energy plants has no effect on humans, and they have better contribution in the local and official employment. These plants are very expensive and are not common. Wind energy projects do not have any emigration problem, and they create large number of job opportunities especially for engineers. Geo thermal energy projects provide the following sociopolitical benefits: improvement in the education of local people, improvement in living standards, and improvement in the care of health issues [25].

**Present concentration**

Alpha 1 275 346 0.4 71 50 ± 5 Beta 25 0.75 1.65 1.0 8 15 ± 5 Gamma 250 0.25 0.35 0.2 18 9 ± 5 Delta 17,500 0 0.00023 5.0 1 13 ± 5 Epsilon 20,000 0 0.00040 5.0 2 13 ± 5

**Annual growth rate (%)**

**Share in greenhouse effect due to human activity**

**Share in greenhouse effect increase due to human activity**

When the solar panels are connected to the distribution system, the cost of safety equipment is reduced because their short circuit current is higher than the nominal value. Biomass power plants have the same effects on the gird as do conventional plants. The integration of wind energy plants, tidal energy, and

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89494*

*Carbon dioxide equivalent emission during power generation [7].*

**Preindustrial concentration**

**Figure 2.**

**Table 5.**

**Substance Ability** 

**to retain infrared radiation compared to CO2**

*Role of different substances in greenhouse effect [15].*

### **Table 4.**

*Summary of environmental effects [24].*

*Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89494*

**Figure 2.**

*Wind Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy System*

energy resources is given in **Figure 2**.

**Category of impact Relationship to** 

are given in **Table 5**.

**3.4 Sociopolitical impacts**

Emission of Hg, Cd, and other

*Summary of environmental effects [24].*

toxic elements

Renewable energy projects have also contributed in improving environmental impacts such as reduction of carbon dioxide gas, awakening community about the climate change. The study observed very small impacts on the people living in a particular area, tourism, cost of energy supply, and educational impacts. Significant impacts were observed in improvement of life standard, social bonds creation, and community development. They also observed that the renewable energy projects are complex to install and are local environmental and condition sensitive. Their forecasting, execution, and planning require more consideration and knowledge as compared to other projects [4]. The two main aspects of environment are air and water pollution, normally created by the discharged water from houses, industries, and polluted rain, and discharge of used oils and liquids contains poisonous chemicals and heavy metals like mercury, lead, etc. Along with water pollution, natural resources can be maintained and greenhouse effect and air pollution can be mitigated by the proper usage of renewable energy sources [23] as shown in **Table 4**. Carbon dioxide emission with the generation of electric power using different

Various greenhouse gases in atmosphere is being increased by humankind by doing many economic activities. The role of greenhouse gases and current situation

Solar panels are usually installed at the roofs of the buildings that increase the job opportunities in the PV system fabrication and installation. This increases the regional development and reduces the usage of energy from nonrenewable energy projects. It is very useful at the regions where there is no access of electricity. The major problem

**Comment**

Heavy fuel oil and other petroleum

product spills.

deep into earth.

Reduced emissions Emission reduced a few hundred times.

**conventional sources**

**Exposure to harmful** 

**chemicals**

Emission of particles Reduced emissions Much less emission.

CO2 emission Reduced emissions A big advantage.

**Other**

of oil spills

Spouts off fossil fuels Total or partial elimination

**Exposure to harmful gases**

Acid rain, SO, NOx Reduced emissions Reduced more than 25 times. Other greenhouse gases Reduced greenhouse gases Big advantage-global warming.

Water quality Better quality water Reduced water pollution.

Soil erosion Smaller loss of land In most cases, there is no penetration

**3.3 Environmental impacts**

**232**

**Table 4.**

*Carbon dioxide equivalent emission during power generation [7].*


#### **Table 5.**

*Role of different substances in greenhouse effect [15].*

with solar system is the high investment and maintenance cost. Biomass energy projects have great contribution in the local job creation and the development of rural areas. Such types of power plants have large opportunities of jobs in construction of plants, management, maintenance of plants, production, and preparation of biomass. Only the noise production and unpleasant smell are the negative impacts of these plants. Fuel cells have slow implementation because of their high cost of plant construction and energy generation. Their construction and operation create jobs in almost all technical activities. In hydro power plants, the major sociopolitical problem is the shifting of the people from the areas where the plant is going to be constructed. These plants provide significant jobs for local community and also play an important role in the economic development of the community. The construction of tidal energy plants has no effect on humans, and they have better contribution in the local and official employment. These plants are very expensive and are not common. Wind energy projects do not have any emigration problem, and they create large number of job opportunities especially for engineers. Geo thermal energy projects provide the following sociopolitical benefits: improvement in the education of local people, improvement in living standards, and improvement in the care of health issues [25].

#### **3.5 Impacts on grid**

When the solar panels are connected to the distribution system, the cost of safety equipment is reduced because their short circuit current is higher than the nominal value. Biomass power plants have the same effects on the gird as do conventional plants. The integration of wind energy plants, tidal energy, and geothermal energy is complex [25].
