14. Simulation result

At rated wind speed of 3.2 m/s (Table 1) the relationship between power and the speed of turbine is shown in Figure 13. The results of the simulation are as

Figure 9. Simulation schematic diagram of the induction generator subsystem.


c2 = 116, c3 = 0.4, c4 = 5,

c5 = 21, c6 = 0.0068

> Table 2.

Parameters

 used in the simulation. shown in the readings captured from the scopes in the simulation model

Modeling and Simulation of a 10 kW Wind Energy in the Coastal Area of Southern Nigeria

3.2 m/s is shown on the scopes. It is seen that an increase in speed of wind also leads to an increase in mechanical torque and in the same direction as the wind torque

From the graphs of the turbine speed and the generator speed, the generator moves in the reverse direction of the wind torque shows that the induction machine is used in the generator mode so it tends to negative. The turbine speed starts increasing gradually as the system generates power, it moves in the positive

–16 shows different wind torques and the mechanical torque at 1 and

…

(Figures 11 and 12). Figures 13

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85064

(Figures 17 and 18).

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

61

Simulation schematic diagram of the wind energy conversion system.

Relationship between wind speed and output power for the wind turbine.

+06

m3

Wind Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Modeling and Simulation of a 10 kW Wind Energy in the Coastal Area of Southern Nigeria… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85064

shown in the readings captured from the scopes in the simulation model (Figures 11 and 12).

Figures 13–16 shows different wind torques and the mechanical torque at 1 and 3.2 m/s is shown on the scopes. It is seen that an increase in speed of wind also leads to an increase in mechanical torque and in the same direction as the wind torque (Figures 17 and 18).

From the graphs of the turbine speed and the generator speed, the generator moves in the reverse direction of the wind torque shows that the induction machine is used in the generator mode so it tends to negative. The turbine speed starts increasing gradually as the system generates power, it moves in the positive

#### Figure 11.

Simulation schematic diagram of the wind energy conversion system.

Figure 12. Relationship between wind speed and output power for the wind turbine.

Month

60

Wind speed Temperature

Humidity

Courtesy:

Table 1. Meteorological

 data for Ogoja community

Parameters

 Air

Gear

Aerodynamic

Damping

Stiffness

Rotor

Generator

Stator

Stator

Mutual

Rotor

Rotor

Synchronous

Pitch

(D)

(K)

inertia

inertia

resistance

reactance

reactance

resistance

reactance

speed (

ws)

angle

(Hm)

(Hg)

(Xs)

(Xs)

(Xm)

(Rs)

(Xr)

coefficients

density

ratio

(p)

Value

 1.225 kg/

65.27

c1 = 0.5176,

1.00E+06

 6.00E+07

 1.60E

35.184

 0.0121

 0.0742

 2.7626

 0.008

 0.1761

 1

 0

+06

c2 = 116, c3 = 0.4, c4 = 5,

c5 = 21, c6 = 0.0068

> Table 2.

Parameters

 used in the simulation.

m3

(n)

c1–c6

 2009–2018.

www.worldweatheronline.com.

(%)

 33

 47

 55

 77

 65

 75

 78

 83

 82

 71

 46

 31

 61.9

 (°C)

 32

 32

 33

 32

 31

 28

 28

 27

 29

 30

 31

 31

 30.3

Wind Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy System

 (m/s)

 2.9

 3.4

 3.7

 3.6

 3.3

 3.3

 3.5

 3.6

 3.1

 2.8

 2.6

 2.6

 3.2

(Jan-Dec)

 Jan

 Feb

 Mar

 Apr

 May

 June

 July

 Aug

 Sept

 Oct

 Nov

 Dec

 Average

Figure 13. Wind torque @ 0 m/s.

Figure 14. Wind torque @ 1 m/s.

direction. The higher the speed, the more power that will be generated. Hence the generator speed is proportional to the turbine speed. The speed from the wind is not sufficient to move the turbine blades until around 0.35 s when the speed starts progressing gradually, leading to a proportional decrease in generator speed (Figure 19).

15. Conclusion

Mechanical torque @ 3.2 m/s.

Figure 16.

63

Figure 15.

Wind torque @ 3.2 m/s.

With shortage of energy supply prominent in most developing countries especially in Africa, the need for clean and self-replenishing alternative energy supply cannot be over emphasized. A wind energy conversion system with different wind speed, made up of the blades, drive train and SCIG was modeled for Ogoja community in the southern part of Nigeria as presented. The output power, turbine

Modeling and Simulation of a 10 kW Wind Energy in the Coastal Area of Southern Nigeria…

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85064

speed and torque were simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK environment

The turbine generates fluctuating values of electrical power peaking at about 80 W at 0.25 s in the simulation. These results are gotten at rated wind speed of 3.2 m/s and zero pitch angle.

Modeling and Simulation of a 10 kW Wind Energy in the Coastal Area of Southern Nigeria… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85064

Figure 15. Wind torque @ 3.2 m/s.

Figure 16. Mechanical torque @ 3.2 m/s.
