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**207**

**Chapter 10**

Design

**Abstract**

by 1.08 kWh/m2

**1. Introduction**

thermal performance, solar energy

Towards Sustainable Rural

Development in South Africa

through Passive Solar Housing

*Ochuko K. Overen, Edson L. Meyer and Golden Makaka*

Rural low-cost housing in South Africa is characterised by poor thermal performance, as these houses are designed with no consideration of utilising ambient weather conditions for indoor thermal comfort. Hence, a prototype low-cost energy efficiency house was built based on the principle of passive solar design to avert the energy burden faced by low-cost house dwellers. Passive solar design in this context is the strategic selecting and locating of building envelope components to utilise the ambient weather factor of a house to enhance indoor thermal comfort. The aim of this study is to analyse the thermal performance of the passive solar house. To this effect, the indoor and weather conditions of the house which include air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation were monitored. The thermal contribution of the windows was determined from the measured data. In summer, 49% of the whole building air temperature and approximately 85% of its corresponding relative humidity were found within the thermal comfort. Only 23% temperature and 78% relative humidity distributions of the whole building were in the thermal comfort zone in the winter season. The daily cumulative heat contribution of the clerestory windows with no shading material was higher than that of the south-facing windows

/windows in summer and 4.45 kWh/m2

Over the years, building design, occupants' behaviour, choice of technology usage, and manufacturing and construction processes have resulted in the increasing energy consumption as well as the release of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the building sector [1]. Globally the building sector consumes over 30% of total final energy, having increased by more than 35% since 1990 and, at the same time, accounting for 30% of CO2 gas emission. The building sector also accounts for half of the world electricity demand, with some region electricity consumption increased by 500% [2]. In the residential sector, energy is consumed for space heat-

**Keywords:** rural development, housing, passive solar design,

ing, cooling, domestic activities, and lighting, among others.

/windows in winter.
