**8.2 Battery energy storage technology and materials**

A battery ES with its own specific features can serve a particular usage when time, space, portability and size are some of the factors. This section reviews battery ES in view of the latest technologies, advantages, sizing, efficiency, price, and life cycle assessment.

The modern storage technologies with regard to wind power integration are discussed in [87] on which the planning rests upon. Output power smoothing operation by single or multiple ESS considering influencing factors as above is done. In the work [88], has cross-compared with the maturity level of the technology of storage.

Wide variety of storages have been detailed in [89] taking an in-depth study of the electrochemical properties of the BES. The energy capacity and the selfdischarge or capacity fade of BES systems affect the suitable storage duration. Study in [90] has shown that BES can go forward for ancillary service if its cost reduces. Palizban et al. [91] have pointed out that a hybrid of different energy storages can serve multiple purposes in a cost-effective way. In [92] the technical viability of Li-ion batteries for the inertial response (IR) in grids with ample contribution of wind power has been evaluated.

One particular BESS cannot suit for all the support services like short, medium as well as long term [93]. Only Li-ion can serve for short duration support. For distributed storage and medium duration support, Pb-acid and Li-ion batteries are most suitable. A lithium-antimony-lead (Li-Sb-Pb) liquid metal battery is proposed by [94] which has higher current density, longer cycle life and simpler manufacturing of large-scale stationary storage systems.
