*6.1.2 Distributed control*

It is very suitable for grid-integrated renewable sources. Alagoz et al. [53] describe that DERs are gradually increasing count with each consumer turning into a prosumer. This can take the best out of it if there is a bidirectional interaction between DERs. A service-oriented infrastructure can be formed by a tree-like usermode network (UMN). In [54] the coordination control of a WPVHPS and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is studied. A grid-connected WPVHPS is proposed in [55]. The pitch control of the wind turbine uses radial basis function network-sliding mode (RBFNSM), and the MPPT of PV system uses general regression neural network (GRNN).

For control of the voltage and frequency at the point of common coupling firefly algorithm (FA) based proportional integral (PI), and PID controllers [56] are used. In [57] authors have shown that the modified adaptive accelerated particle swarm optimization (MAAPSO) proves better than PSO for PID and fractional order PID battery charge controller.
