**2. The problems of small-n settings**

Research on small sample sizes poses a number of challenges. First and foremost is the violation of assumptions that frequentist statistical methods often require in order to be valid. Secondary to this, but inherent in the nature of small samples, is the typical lack of statistical power for detecting differences other than those in low-variance settings or those with dramatic effects. Each of these two challenges can lead to difficulty in interpreting results.
