Meet the editors

Alessandro Cunsolo is a Physicist at National Synchrotron Light-II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York. He has been working in university laboratories for four years and in national laboratories and research facilities for 21 years, both in Europe (*Institut Laue Langevin* and *European Synchrotron Radiation Facility*, Grenoble, France) and the United States (*Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory*,

Lemont, IL, and *NSLS-II*). He's an acknowledged expert in the physics of liquids and amorphous systems and in the development of inelastic x-ray and neutron scattering spectrometers in synchrotron and reactor-based research facilities. In his research activity, he has accrued expertise in different experimental methods of dynamic characterization of samples, also including neutron and x-ray, UV and visible light probes. His research achievements are documented by about 100 publications in scientific journals.

Dr. Franco is a researcher at the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, Department of Radioactive Rejects in Brazil. She graduated from EEL-USP São Paulo University in 1982 and received her MSc in Chemical Engineering from the University of Campinas, UNICAMP-Brazil, in 1987. She received her PhD in Electrical Engineering from University of Campinas with the thesis entitled *Deposition and Characterization of semiconductor* 

*diamond films*, in 1996. Dr. Franco has published papers in local and international peer-reviewed journals in the fields of cementitious materials, biochemistry, and pharmacology. She has worked for the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, X-ray Powder Diffraction Beamline, dedicated to meeting the needs of researchers from several countries, providing technical and scientific support. She sustained collaborations with researchers from Germany and Australia to study green cement, composites with cement and irradiated cement. Dr. Franco's research with drug delivery systems focuses on characterization through small angle x-ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering.

Dr. Yokaichiya was a researcher and an instrument scientist for the 2-axis diffractometer (E4) and for the flat cone diffractometer (E2) at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie (HZB), Germany. He graduated as an Electronic Engineer from the Federal University of Parana (UFPR- Brazil) in 1995, and received his PhD degree in Physics at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP- Brazil) in 2003. With his PhD research,

he studied strong correlated systems using synchrotron radiation facilities. From 2005 to 2010 he worked as a post-doctorate in several laboratories: Laboratoire Louis Néel in Grenoble (France, 2005), Brookhaven National Laboratoy (USA, 2006), and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (Germany, 2007-2010). From 2010 to 2013, Dr. Yokaichiya worked at LNLS as a beamline scientist responsible for the x-ray powder diffraction beamline (XPD). His main projects focus on magnetic materials, drug delivery systems, and cement/concrete systems.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Alessandro Cunsolo*

Spectroscopy

*by Takeshi Egami*

**Section 2**

**Preface XI**

Inelastic X-Ray Scattering **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 47**

**Chapter 4 61**

X-Ray Powder Diffraction **81**

**Chapter 5 83**

**Chapter 6 99**

High-Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering: A Probe of Microscopic Density Fluctuations in Simple Fluids

Bayesian Approach for X-Ray and Neutron Scattering

Atomic Dynamics in Real Space and Time

Diffraction Using Rietveld Refinement

*and Isabel Montealegre-Meléndez*

*by Alessio De Francesco, Alessandro Cunsolo and Luisa Scaccia*

Synchrotron Radiation-Based Quasi-Elastic Scattering Using Mössbauer Gamma Ray with neV-Energy Resolution *by Makina Saito, Toshiji Kanaya and Ryo Mashita*

Identification and Quantification of Phases in Steels by X Ray

In Situ Titanium Composites: XRD Study of Secondary Phases Tied to the Processing Conditions and Starting Materials *by Eva María Pérez-Soriano, Cristina M. Arévalo-Mora*

*by Adriana da Cunha Rocha and Gabriela Ribeiro Pereira*
