**Acknowledgements**

The results reviewed in this article were obtained through the extraordinary effort and dedication by the team members of the author, W. Dmowski, T. Iwashita, and Y. Shinohara, in particular. He is also grateful to A. Q. R. Baron for his invaluable help during the experiment at SPring-8. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials and Science and Engineering Division.

**Author details**

Takeshi Egami1,2

**57**

1 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

*Atomic Dynamics in Real Space and Time DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88334*

\*Address all correspondence to: egami@utk.edu

provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

### **Conflict of interest**

The author declares no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.

*Atomic Dynamics in Real Space and Time DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88334*

moment, because the method was only recently proven to be feasible, there are

As the instrumentation for IXS is improved, it became possible to carry out many *Q-E* scans in a relatively short time, covering wide *Q-E* space. This enables us to convert the dataset of the dynamic structure factor *S*(*Q*, *E*) into the van Hove function *G*(*r*, *t*) which describes dynamics in real space and time. This new capability allows us to visualize local dynamics directly rather than through the modeling for *S*(*Q*, *E*). Even though the van Hove function is just the Fourier transform, in order to determine it, we have to measure *S*(*Q*, *E*) over a wide *Q-E* space, which forces us to collect much more information than we normally do. This alone brings us to a new territory. Furthermore, by visualizing it, we gain much intuition. For instance, the behavior of the first and second peaks of water shown in **Figure 3** was totally unexpected. Only after seeing it, we understand right away what this means, but no one would have anticipated it before it is seen. It is fully expected that such surprises will occur when this approach is applied further to the study of local

The results reviewed in this article were obtained through the extraordinary

Iwashita, and Y. Shinohara, in particular. He is also grateful to A. Q. R. Baron for his invaluable help during the experiment at SPring-8. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials and

effort and dedication by the team members of the author, W. Dmowski, T.

The author declares no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.

many low-hanging fruits which we are busy collecting.

*Inelastic X-Ray Scattering and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Applications*

dynamics in liquids, glasses, and soft matter in general.

**5. Concluding remarks**

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

**56**

Science and Engineering Division.
