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## Meet the editors

Dr Sudhakar Radhakrishnan is currently the Professor and Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, India. He is an editorial board member for 3 international journals namely International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, and International Arab Journal of Information Technology. He is

currently an associate editor of IEEE-Access, a multidisciplinary journal published by IEEE. He is a reviewer of 16 international journals namely IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems by IEEE; International Arab Journal of Information Technology coming from Zarqa University, Jordan; International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering published by International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology Press (IACSIT); International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering published by International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology Press (IACSIT); Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Research; Iranian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering published by Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineering, Iran; Journal of Optical Engineering published by SPIE, USA; Journal of Electronic Imaging published by SPIE, USA; Imaging Science Journal, published by Taylor & Francis Group; International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering (IJCSE), published by Inderscience; International Journal of Image Mining(IJIM), published by Inderscience; International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (IJBET), published by Inderscience; Journal for Image Analysis & Stereology from International Society for Stereology; ETRI Journal from Korea; and the AEUE- International Journal of Electronics and Communications by Elsevier and IET Image Processing. He has written two books titled "Research Issues in Image Compression Using Wavelet Variants" published by Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP), Germany (2010) and "Practicing Signals and Systems Laboratory using MATLAB" published by LAP, Germany (2010) and two book chapters titled "Wavelet based image compression" in "Computational Intelligence Techniques in Handling Image Processing and Pattern Recognition" published by LAP, Germany (2010) and "Analysis of hand vein images using hybrid techniques" in "Hybrid Intelligence Techniques for Image Analysis and Understanding" published by Wiley. He has edited four books titled "Effective Video Coding for Multimedia Applications", "Applications of Digital Signal Processing Through Practical Approach", "Wavelet Theory and Its Applications" and "Coding Theory", all published by IntechOpen, UK (2011, 2015, 2016, and 2020). He has published 105 papers in international and national journals and conference proceedings. His areas of research include digital image processing, image analysis, wavelet transforms, and digital signal processing.

Muhammad Sarfraz is a Professor and Director of MSIT in the Department of Information Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait. His research interests include computer graphics, computer vision, image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, soft computing, data science, intelligent systems, information technology, and information systems. Prof Sarfraz has been keynote/invited speaker at various platforms around the globe. He has advised

more than 85 students for their MSc and PhD theses. He has published more than 350

publications as books and journal and conference papers. Prof Sarfraz is a member of various professional societies. He is the Chair and member of the international advisory committees and organizing committees of various international conferences. He is also editor-in-chief and editor of various international journals.

Contents

Section 1

and Decoding Algorithms by Sherif Elsanadily

Communication System

by Palash Sarkar and Sudhan Majhi

Z2Z2[u]-Linear and Z2Z2[u]-Cyclic Codes

by Emtithal Ahmed Talha and Ryuji Kohno

by Ashok Kumar Kummary, Perumal Dananjayan, Kalannagari Viswanath and Vanga Karunakar Reddy

Set for CDMA

by Ismail Aydogdu

Network Channel

Section 2

Perception Techniques by Satyarth Praveen

Preface III

Error Detection and Correction 1

Chapter 1 3

Chapter 2 29

Chapter 3 51

Chapter 4 69

Chapter 5 81

Chapter 6 97

Signal and Imaging Processing 109

Chapter 7 111

Generalized Low-Density Parity-Check Codes: Construction

Polynomials in Error Detection and Correction in Data

by Charanarur Panem, Vinaya Gad and Rajendra S. Gad

A Direct Construction of Intergroup Complementary Code

The Adaptive Coding Techniques for Dependable Medical

Combined Crosstalk Avoidance Code with Error Control Code for Detection and Correction of Random and Burst Errors

Efficient Depth Estimation Using Sparse Stereo-Vision with Other

### Contents



Preface

The area of coding theory consists of techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. Such techniques allow coding, while decoding enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases. These techniques have various applications in a variety of fields including computer science and telecommunication. These techniques also enrich the areas of information

The chapters in this comprehensive reference cover the latest developments, methods, approaches, and applications of coding theory in a wide variety of fields and endeavors. This book is compiled with a view to provide researchers, academicians, and readers with an in-depth discussion of the latest advances. It consists of twelve chapters from academicians, practitioners, and researchers from different

The target audience of this book are professionals and researchers working in the field of coding theory in various disciplines, e.g. computer science, information technology, information and communication sciences, education, health, library,

and others. The book is also targeted to information engineers, scientists, researchers, practitioners, academicians, and related industry professionals.

Elsanadily begins the book with a discussion on generalized low-density parity check codes used for the construction and decoding algorithms. Scientists have competed to find capacity approach codes that can be decoded with optimal and feasible decoding algorithms. Generalized LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes were found to compare well with such codes as they performed well. LDPC codes are well treated with both types of decoding; the Hard-Decision Decoding (HDD) and the Soft Decision Decoding (SDD). However, the authors feel that there is a need for further investigation for the iterative decoding of Generalized Low Density Parity Check (GLDPC) codes on both Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) channels. This chapter first describes the construction of the GLDPC code and discusses its iterative decoding algorithms on BSC and AWGN channels so far. The soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoders, for decoding the component codes in GLDPC codes, show very good error performance with moderate and high code rates. However, the complexities of such decoding algorithms are very high. When bit flipping (BF) algorithms by Gallager, as HDD, were presented to LDPC for its simplicity and speed, they were found to be far from the capacity of the BSC. Therefore, using LDPC codes in optical systems using such algorithms is inefficient. GLDPC codes can be introduced as a good alternative of LDPC codes as their performance under the BF algorithm can be improved and the observed error floor can be lowered or even removed. GLDPC codes would then be a competitive choice for optical communications. This chapter discusses the iterative HDD algorithms that improve decoding performance and error floor behavior of GLDPC codes. It also describes the SDD algorithms that maintain the perfor-

This is followed by "Polynomials in Error Detection and Correction in Data Communication System" introduced by Panem et al. This chapter describes the different

theory and error detection with various other real-life applications.

disciplines of life.

mance but lower decoding simplicity.
