**3.12 Integration of hybrid Si NWs into solar cells**

The performance of the Si solar cell can be improved by grafting molecules on the surface. Here, we present three different surface terminations: (i) H▬Si NWs, (ii) SiO2▬Si NWs, and (iii) CH3▬Si NW. The surface Fermi level was calculated from the emission of the Si2p emission and the work function measured by the KP and summarized in the following table:


The electron affinity is calculated according to χ = Φ − Eg + (EF − EV), while the surface dipole is calculated by χ-χB, when χB is the affinity of the bulk (4.05 eV) [50].
