**1. Introduction**

Photovoltaics are an important renewable energy source which has grown rapidly from 8 GW in 2007 to 400 GW in 2017 [1]. Along with the increasing demand, the PV system costing has also dropped significantly from 35.7 \$/Wp in 1980 to 0.34 \$/Wp in 2017 accelerating its adoption [2]. Silicon (Si) which is an important material of the microelectronics industry has also been the widely used bulk material of solar cells since the 1950s with a market share of >90% [2]. The chapter will introduce the typical steps for manufacturing commercial silicon solar cells. A brief history of solar cells and over-view of the type of silicon substrates along with the different solar cell architecture will be introduced in Sections 2 and 3. Subsequently, the wet-chemistry and high temperature steps used in fabrication will be described in Sections 4 and 5. Section 6 will discuss about the metallization process along with typical characterization parameters for commercial solar cells. Finally, future roadmap and expected trends will be discussed in the concluding section.
