**6. Microgrid modeling and simulations**

The MATLAB/SIMULINK-based modeling is used for designing a microgrid. Based on the individual microgrid specifications, model has been formed and implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. A hybrid microgrid sample system has been implemented in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment as shown in **Figure 12**. In this model, microgrid is carried out for the grid connected mode. Along with this microgrid model, the performance of the wind generator and solar panel output is also analyzed. While considering the performance analysis of the simulation model, the solar irradiation, temperature of the panels, wind speed, and wind direction also possible to consider getting the results accurately.

The simulated results are analyzed in the runtime environment of MATLAB. Normally for the performance analysis, the load flow of the microgrid has been carried out at one-day simulation results. By running the simulation model in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment at different day environment and performance of the microgrid has been analyzed. The stage wise output characteristics such as PV panel output, battery, and converter gate signals of the simulation has been represented as **Figures 13–16**, respectively. The output characteristics of AC load voltage and current are represented by **Figures 17 and 18**, and also the **Figures 19 and 20** indicate the converter side AC voltage and current. The simulations need to perform many times repeatedly under various simulated situations, and the final pool proof design needs to be finalized. All the figures output indicates the performance under one similar situation which is useful for the readers to understand the operations of microgrid.

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**Figure 15.**

*Generated PWM signals for the boost converter.*

In this hybrid microgrid during one day simulation, it is needed to phasor power gui instead of discrete power gui in MATLAB environment. The individual components are specified with their values in the blocks. The battery block in the MATLAB/SIMULINK model is of 300 Ah capacity and PV panels arrays are modeled by a current source and load current is specified based on the input power. The power management and voltage profile are done for the hybrid microgrid controlled

*Microgrid*

**Figure 13.**

**Figure 14.**

*Output current of PV array.*

*Output voltage of PV array.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88812*

**Figure 12.** *MATLAB/SIMULINK model for microgrid.*

**Figure 13.** *Output voltage of PV array.*

*Research Trends and Challenges in Smart Grids*

**6. Microgrid modeling and simulations**

understand the operations of microgrid.

sources of the microgrid.

results accurately.

required power from the grid. This mode of operation ensures maximum possible power to extract from local sources ensures the cost of energy cheapest. In the second mode, when the network gets isolated to faults, emergency conditions or natural calamities, the microgrid designed to operate in isolated mode. In the isolated mode, the entire power is supplied from locally available power

The MATLAB/SIMULINK-based modeling is used for designing a microgrid. Based on the individual microgrid specifications, model has been formed and implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. A hybrid microgrid sample system has been implemented in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment as shown in **Figure 12**. In this model, microgrid is carried out for the grid connected mode. Along with this microgrid model, the performance of the wind generator and solar panel output is also analyzed. While considering the performance analysis of the simulation model, the solar irradiation, temperature of the panels, wind speed, and wind direction also possible to consider getting the

The simulated results are analyzed in the runtime environment of

MATLAB. Normally for the performance analysis, the load flow of the microgrid has been carried out at one-day simulation results. By running the simulation model in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment at different day environment and performance of the microgrid has been analyzed. The stage wise output characteristics such as PV panel output, battery, and converter gate signals of the simulation has been represented as **Figures 13–16**, respectively. The output characteristics of AC load voltage and current are represented by **Figures 17 and 18**, and also the **Figures 19 and 20** indicate the converter side AC voltage and current. The simulations need to perform many times repeatedly under various simulated situations, and the final pool proof design needs to be finalized. All the figures output indicates the performance under one similar situation which is useful for the readers to

**112**

**Figure 12.**

*MATLAB/SIMULINK model for microgrid.*

**Figure 14.** *Output current of PV array.*

**Figure 15.** *Generated PWM signals for the boost converter.*

In this hybrid microgrid during one day simulation, it is needed to phasor power gui instead of discrete power gui in MATLAB environment. The individual components are specified with their values in the blocks. The battery block in the MATLAB/SIMULINK model is of 300 Ah capacity and PV panels arrays are modeled by a current source and load current is specified based on the input power. The power management and voltage profile are done for the hybrid microgrid controlled

**Figure 16.** *Voltage of battery.*

**Figure 17.** *Microgrid AC bus load current.*

**Figure 18.** *Microgrid AC bus load voltage.*

by PI controller. Once the performance analysis of the simulation model is satisfied, the microgrid can be implemented in real time. Many microgrids are implemented across the world and for example the real time implemented the microgrid as shown in **Figure 21** [15].

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**7. Conclusion**

*Microgrid in real time [15].*

**Figure 21.**

The implementation of microgrids reduces the energy cost and increases reliability. Microgrids are excellent in extracting energy from renewable energy. Microgrid is a controlled system which offers both power and heat. The heat

*Microgrid*

**Figure 19.**

**Figure 20.**

*AC side voltage of the main converter.*

*AC side current of the main converter.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88812*

*Research Trends and Challenges in Smart Grids*

**114**

**Figure 18.**

*Microgrid AC bus load voltage.*

in **Figure 21** [15].

by PI controller. Once the performance analysis of the simulation model is satisfied, the microgrid can be implemented in real time. Many microgrids are implemented across the world and for example the real time implemented the microgrid as shown

**Figure 17.**

**Figure 16.** *Voltage of battery.*

*Microgrid AC bus load current.*

**Figure 19.** *AC side voltage of the main converter.*

**Figure 20.** *AC side current of the main converter.*

**Figure 21.** *Microgrid in real time [15].*
