Voltage Regulation in Smart Grids DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85108

violations associated with DGs and PEVs: (i) centralized and (ii) distributed voltage regulation schemes. These schemes necessitate communication and, thus, may benefit from the communication infrastructure embedded within smart grids. The centralized approach employs state estimation and solves an optimization problem to dispatch DG reactive power for optimal voltage regulation. On the other hand, the distributed approach is an expert-based control or model-free approach, which coordinates a variety of voltage control devices with the goal of providing effective and nonoptimal voltage regulation with fewer communication requirements. Case studies for a centralized voltage control scheme illuminated the role of PEV and DG reactive powers in providing optimal voltage regulation with relaxed tap operation.
