**5. Conclusion**

FAO estimates the need for land resources at about 200 million hectares as new agricultural land to produce various crops. Only 93 million hectares of land can be

**73**

plants.

**Acknowledgements**

*Performance of Water Desalination and Modern Irrigation Systems for Improving Water…*

used for agricultural expansion. Unfortunately, much of this space is now occupied by the forests that we must preserve to maintain the ecological balance and global climate of the entire planet. We can add to this difficult problem another factor the deterioration of fertile agricultural land, either as a result of destruction or salting or pollution in most of the lands of the countries of arid and semiarid regions, which stimulates the human need to find alternative sources of water and land to

In General, the Egyptian strategy should be not only focusing on water supply management but also managing water demand. Of which, 55 billion are from the Nile River and 5.2 from groundwater, the rest from rainwater and drainage, while desalinated water does not exceed 10% of water resources. The Egyptian water strategy should include increasing the amount of desalinated water to more than 50%, especially since Egypt is in a very rich location in saltwater sources that can be utilized to the maximum extent possible. Researchers have attempted to develop varieties of some traditional crops such as wheat that are saline resistant using local selective ecotourism techniques and using genetic engineering through which saline-tolerant genes are added, but it can be said that so far these efforts have not resulted in the production of candidate seawater breeds. The maximum salinity of irrigation water in the long term, even for the most salt-tolerant crops such as date palm, is still less than 5 mm. Sea salt salinity is between 35 and 40 mm. As we know, seawater is rich in sodium chloride, one of the most harmful substances to growing

The use of nonconventional water resources and the preservation of what is already available are very important rules in all countries. One of the important ideas of the last half of the twentieth century was the use of seawater, the first serious appearance of the idea after the Second World War. The use of seawater is very possible in sandy and desert environments. The sea aids in the development of saline-tolerant crops in irrigated land. This idea is an ideal solution, with 97% of the world's water being brackish water (seas and oceans), while desert lands are also

The authors would like to thank the "Grassland Talents" project, Inner Mongolia (2016) 40, Xilingol Vocational College; Talented Young Scientist Program (Egypt-18-050), CHINA; and the National Research Centre, EGYPT, for the support and

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87010*

grow crops and increase vegetation.

widespread, accounting for 43% of the land area.

fund for the publishing process of this research work.

## *Performance of Water Desalination and Modern Irrigation Systems for Improving Water… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87010*

used for agricultural expansion. Unfortunately, much of this space is now occupied by the forests that we must preserve to maintain the ecological balance and global climate of the entire planet. We can add to this difficult problem another factor the deterioration of fertile agricultural land, either as a result of destruction or salting or pollution in most of the lands of the countries of arid and semiarid regions, which stimulates the human need to find alternative sources of water and land to grow crops and increase vegetation.

In General, the Egyptian strategy should be not only focusing on water supply management but also managing water demand. Of which, 55 billion are from the Nile River and 5.2 from groundwater, the rest from rainwater and drainage, while desalinated water does not exceed 10% of water resources. The Egyptian water strategy should include increasing the amount of desalinated water to more than 50%, especially since Egypt is in a very rich location in saltwater sources that can be utilized to the maximum extent possible. Researchers have attempted to develop varieties of some traditional crops such as wheat that are saline resistant using local selective ecotourism techniques and using genetic engineering through which saline-tolerant genes are added, but it can be said that so far these efforts have not resulted in the production of candidate seawater breeds. The maximum salinity of irrigation water in the long term, even for the most salt-tolerant crops such as date palm, is still less than 5 mm. Sea salt salinity is between 35 and 40 mm. As we know, seawater is rich in sodium chloride, one of the most harmful substances to growing plants.

The use of nonconventional water resources and the preservation of what is already available are very important rules in all countries. One of the important ideas of the last half of the twentieth century was the use of seawater, the first serious appearance of the idea after the Second World War. The use of seawater is very possible in sandy and desert environments. The sea aids in the development of saline-tolerant crops in irrigated land. This idea is an ideal solution, with 97% of the world's water being brackish water (seas and oceans), while desert lands are also widespread, accounting for 43% of the land area.
