Irrigation - Water Productivity and Operation, Sustainability and Climate Change

with quantifiable crop yields [88], such as productivity, water use efficiency, seasonal evapotranspiration, leaf water potential at noon time, irrigation rates and damage caused by herbicides.

The i-ekbase system services provide larges area-wise resource management maps, with supporting remote digital scouting for decision support systems and rapid intervention of issues. For developing the experimental system were processed 12 months of Data, these remote sensing imageries were acquired by Landsat (with a spatial resolution of 30 m, but for this experiment the Data was upscale to 10 m) and Sentinel (with a spatial resolution of 10 m) satellites. Data that constitute this image have more than 14,000 georeferenced points, containing at each point or pixel the attributes of the agricultural analysis. Due to the extension of

Integrating Remote Sensing Data into Fuzzy Control System for Variable Rate Irrigation Estimates

In order to apply this approach to the commercial field scale, the remote sensing data required to describe the soil-plant-atmosphere relationship can be acquired from satellite [90] and aircraft images [91, 92]. However, high costs, spatial resolution, data frequency and data availability [93, 94], in addition to cloudless satellite imagery, are a challenge for the correct execution of models based on remote sensing [95]. These issues can limit the efficiency of real-time variable rate irriga-

From the remote sensing data, those that best describe the soil-plant-atmosphere

Based on the choice of planting site and type of crop to be irrigated, in relation to plant type data, the crop coefficient will be used along with information from the satellite images. In this case, the reading values of NDVI, near soil moisture and vegetative canopy temperature will be used. The latter is an important parameter for irrigation management and should be adjusted according to local growing con-

The study site is a farm located in the municipality of Primavera do Leste, MT,

Maize expresses high sensitivity to droughts. Therefore, the incidence of periods with reduction of the water supply to the plants at critical moments of the development of the crop, from flowering to physiological ripeness, can cause a direct reduction in the final harvest. In order to obtain maximum output, maize planting requires approximately 650 mm of water during its cycle [97], which can vary from 110 to 140 days in medium-cycle hybrids. For this preliminary analysis, data on daily average precipitation were used, provided by INMET (National Institute of Meteorology), from April to September 2016, to the city of Primavera do Leste, in

These readings recorded during the development of the plantation under study corroborate the supposition of water stress due to lack of rainfall (from June to September), which would indicate the possibility of complementing water demand

vation irrigated by central pivot, and the crops planted are soybean, cotton and second-crop corn. The delimited area presents a total of 140 ha, in a radius of 667 m, see Figure 9. The area delimited by the red circle has central pivot irrigation, and the information used in the case study is from a 2015/2016 second-crop corn cycle. Irrigation in maize crop means to meet the minimum water requirements for the

the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Figure 10 shows the data obtained.

24.73 "S and longitude 54 ° 0'53.29" W. This site has areas of culti-

relationship for the intelligent irrigation system of the plantation site will be selected. In this phase, the correct selection of these data is fundamental to correctly calculate the results. A simple but promising approach uses crop coefficients derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) along with local climate data to infer quantities of evapotranspiration (ETc) from variable crops

the data, only a few lines are shown in Table 1.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87023

tion management.

ditions.

latitude 15° 14<sup>0</sup>

by irrigation.

39

almost in real time [57, 83, 96].

3.2 Location of the study

development of the crop.
