*4.1.1 CO2 transport, storage, and refrigeration*

CO2 transport is the first operational aspect to take into consideration in a CO2 injection project. CO2 transportation by trucks or rail cars may be deemed inefficient and costly if the supply source is far away from the injection site [34]. Moreover, since CO2-EOR requires millions and billions of tons of CO2, such methods of transportation are simply impractical. In the later projects, the CO2 is transported via pipeline system as a dry gas, separated from any existing water injection system.

The CO2 will be stored in liquid form at approximately −18°C and ~300 psi and this can be achieved by utilizing a refrigeration unit that consists of skid mounted compressors and refrigerant condensers. The refrigeration system when added with heavy insulation will minimize the cost of the product normally lost through relief valves as the liquid warms during prolonged storage. The CO2 gas is dehydrated as its dew point is lowered to a temperature lower than 0°C and compressed up to its critical pressure before being fed to the reservoirs via a CO2 pipeline [35, 36].
