4.3 Testing design and methodology

Participants (Table 5) were selected using a snowball approach.

The action research methodology was applied for the testing. The system was adjusted according to the results in a phase and re-tested in the next phase. The test lasted one (01) week in the first phase. Data were collected and analyzed. The second phase took one (01) week again and findings from phase 1 were worked into phase 2.


At the end of each phase, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. Patient's quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction level were measured in the light of the

An important point was to involve participants living alone or having poor family support as well as those who have good family support. The objective to do so was to test if the system is well designed to assist people living alone too and how

they are comfortable toward using the system (usability).

Pos. Questions Observations

IoT-Enabled Health Monitoring and Assistive Systems for in Place Aging Dementia Patient…

Assess how hard is it to get admitted to a

Assess the tendency for homecare And find out why they have a tendency

Determine how one can manage both

Find out the real challenges people who experienced homecare are facing

Challenges and issues in homecare. Home automation system should help to

overcome these issues

functionality

Determine the most needed

nursing home

for one or other

activities

1 Do you face any challenge during the admission

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86247

2 Would you prefer caring for your parent in homecare?

3 Are you more confident to let care for your parent in a

If yes, what gives you that confidence? If no, why? Do you have no trust in nursing?

5 If you respond to questions 2 and 4 by yes, then continue here; otherwise, go to the next question. How could you care for your parent in homecare and

6 Have you ever experienced caring for a parent at

7 Do you have any idea about which challenges and

Questionnaire for no-care staff to check their tendency for homecare or nursing care homes.

Pos. Questions Observations

5 How many admissions do you register every year? Assess the admission

tendency 6 What is the admission tendency?

Questionnaire for care-staff to investigate the trend toward the admission application.

8 Can modern information technology assist in

1 Which challenges and issues are you facing daily?

3 How do you monitor the residents around the clock? 4 Do you often assess the health-related quality of life of each

2 Do you have any technical assistance?

7 How can you explain the tendency?

If yes, full-time or part-time?

go to your job or on holidays?

If yes, how challenging was this?

issues can be faced in homecare?

If yes, which ones?

homecare? If yes, how?

patient?

Table 7.

Table 8.

87

process?

If yes, why? If no, why?

nursing home?

4 Do you have a job?

home?

defined metrics (Table 9).

Table 6. Questionnaire for patients. IoT-Enabled Health Monitoring and Assistive Systems for in Place Aging Dementia Patient… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86247


#### Table 7.

the questionnaires were used in 1:1 structured interview followed by a semistructured interview. Distractor or control questions are inserted into the questionnaire in order to detect discrepancies in the responses and thus filter the biased

each other. The tendencies were plotted for visual analysis.

Internet of Things (IoT) for Automated and Smart Applications

Participants (Table 5) were selected using a snowball approach.

4.3 Testing design and methodology

1 What do you most of all miss

2 Do your relatives visit you? 3 How often do your parents visit

4 Do you have any close friends

5 Are you missing your former

6 Do you miss your parents, children, and grandchildren?

7 Do you like living here? 8 Do you have enough space for

9 Are you missing your home? 10 Do you receive enough and regularly food and water?

14 Which nurse is your best friend?

here?

you?

here?

friends?

you?

Table 6.

86

Questionnaire for patients.

Pos. Questions Observations

Data analysis was made using IBM SPSS Statistics. Data were cleaned up; biased responses were not included in the analysis. Data dealing with a tendency for care at home as well as at nursing were accordingly classified. An AVG of the scores each category reaches was built. Before building the AVG, the different scores per category (stay at home or living at a nursing residence) obtained were compared with

The action research methodology was applied for the testing. The system was adjusted according to the results in a phase and re-tested in the next phase. The test lasted one (01) week in the first phase. Data were collected and analyzed. The second phase took one (01) week again and findings from phase 1 were worked into

living at the residence

Socialization measurement

does not find a one here

11 What did you eat today? Check if he is forgetful in order to consider or not the responses above 12 How do you feel today? Assess the quality-of-life related to the patient's health state

and care services he is provided with 13 Are the nurses nice to you?

Check how many patients prefer staying at home instead of

Socialization, if he misses his former friends, this means he

If yes, it means he does not receive enough or regular visits

responses (Tables 6–8).

4.2.4 Data analysis

phase 2.

Questionnaire for no-care staff to check their tendency for homecare or nursing care homes.


#### Table 8.

Questionnaire for care-staff to investigate the trend toward the admission application.

At the end of each phase, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. Patient's quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction level were measured in the light of the defined metrics (Table 9).

An important point was to involve participants living alone or having poor family support as well as those who have good family support. The objective to do so was to test if the system is well designed to assist people living alone too and how they are comfortable toward using the system (usability).


A total of 656 abstracts and 239 full papers (journal and conference papers) were reviewed. Only 41 papers were retained having met the requirement of the present study. Unfortunately, only two papers have discussed many dimensions of smart homes. The rest mostly handle the topic of energy management at home. Smart home for elderly people is well considered in many papers, but the papers have failed to consider the multidimensionality of the concept of "aging at home". Regarding the results, a novel solution considering the multidimensionality is

IoT-Enabled Health Monitoring and Assistive Systems for in Place Aging Dementia Patient…

The interview with nursing home residents has revealed that elderly people prefer staying at home in their familiar and usual social environment (familiarity) and take care of their health by themselves as long as they are able to though only participants with good family support and those who have children, grandchildren, and good social contacts have the wish to stay at home as long as possible. However, alone living people, poor people, and people having no family support feel com-

Table 10 summarizes the results of the interview. Up to 91% of people living alone prefer residing in nursing homes, while more than 91% of people with good

Beyond the research questions, three (03) hypotheses were set. One hypothesis

The study verifies on the light of interview results the hypothesis H1. The survey was carried out to investigate the impact of the nursing crisis on the family member

> Living at nursing care home

21 17 (85%) 4 (15%)

12 01 (8.3%) 11 (91.7%)

7 0 7 (100%)

Living alone 23 21 (91.30%) 2 (8.70%)

Staying at home

H1: The tendency to care for patients in homecare is on increase since the nursing

family support prefer staying at home with their family members.

concerns the tendency for homecare as well as for nursing care home.

Category Social status Number Preferences

Poor family support Poor (financial) Have lived alone

> Rich Good family support Good social contact

Living with family

Participant's preferences toward living in nursing homes or staying at home.

behavior toward the nursing care option for their patients.

The surveys point out the following results:

5.2.2 Tendency toward homecare and nursing homes

therefore highly needed.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86247

5.2 Interview findings

5.2.1 Patient's preferences

crisis.

fortable at the nursing residence.

Nursing home residents (33

Homecare participants (30

participants)

participants)

Table 10.

89

#### Table 9.

Quality of life measurement metrics.
