**6.10 Pir et al.**

Pir et al. developed the HMIS framework with context awareness for developing the management systems of smart hospitals based on IoT [64]. They introduced context awareness as a middleware of the IoT architecture to overcome the problems in large data management. This framework consists of three layers, including a physical layer, network layer and application layer. The physical layer, also known as the perception layer, collects data and communicates them to the network layer. The network layer then processes and transmits these data to the application layer. Context awareness, which is located above the network layer as middleware, analyses the data and transfers only the required data to the application layer. Afterwards, the application layer defines the context of the data based on the

## *Internet of Things (IoT) for Automated and Smart Applications*

**Figure 16.** *Reference framework [63].*

**Figure 17.** *HMIS framework [64].*

problems faced by users when interacting with the system. However, Pir et al. did not test the applicability of this framework for users from a specific hospital [64]. Their proposed HMIS framework is presented in **Figure 17**.
