Meet the editor

Professor Dr. Bernur AÇIKGÖZ was born in 1979 in Ankara. After attending Ankara Finance High School, she continued her undergraduate studies at Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Finance. She received her master's degree in Financial Law from Dokuz Eylül University. In 2006, she was awarded her PhD degree from Dokuz Eylul University Department of Public Finance. Her PhD thesis covered the topics of poverty and development.

In 2006, she won the Harvard University project scholarship and worked as a visiting professor at Harvard University. In 2009-2010, she received a scholarship from the Swiss Government for a post-doctorate degree in economics at the University of Neuchatel/Switzerland, and at the sametime taught courses at Bern University. She then began to work in the fields of experimental economics and game theory, and for three consecutive years as a guest lecturer in the economics laboratory of the Montpellier University in Montpellier, France. Afterwards, she went to Missouri University, Indiana University and Arizona University with a scholarship from Missouri University. She then worked as a visiting professor at the University of East Anglia with a Tubitak scholarship.and in the same year took some courses from Exeter Universities in the UK.

Professor Dr. Bernur AÇIKGÖZ has books, articles and papers on foreign direct investments, economic growth, panel econometrics, experimental economics and game theory. She is currently the head of the Public Finance Department at Izmir Katip Çelebi University. In addition, Açıkgöz teaches at the Department of International Trade and Finance at Izmir University of Economics.

Contents

**Section 1**

Social Policy and the Welfare State

New Approaches in Public Budgeting

Policies: The Case of Cameroon

Theory of Public Debt and Current Reflections

*by Esra Dundar Aravacik*

*by Elif Ayse Sahin İpek*

*by Sibel Aybarç*

**Section 2**

*by Pina Puntillo*

**Preface III**

Public Economics and Finance **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 35**

Regional Examples of Public Economics and Finance **53**

**Chapter 4 55**

**Chapter 5 69**

Decentralized Territorial Communities and Implementation of Public

*by Guy Yakana Yombi, Mounton Chouaïbou and Lucie Yakana Agoume*

Financial Relationships Between Public Administration and Public Enterprises: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Implications

## Contents


Preface

In recent decades, the role of governments across the world has dramatically changed. Developments and changes in the social sphere have led to changes in social needs. Accordingly, problems and solutions are also changing. The Industrial Revolution that took place in the eighteenth century had an important effect not only in the economic field but also on social structure. Because of these effects, the perception of social problems has changed and the social expectations from the

Government administrations from ancient times to the present day have needed continuous financing and have provided this funding from various sources. The process of social development required public borrowing for different purposes ranging from creating a consumer society to selling the surplus of developed countries to post-war human relations and from the financing of developing countries to the payment of debt. In the modern state perspective, the needs still constantly

In this study, the process of change and transformation on welfare states and social policies on a global scale is examined conceptually and historically. The study aims to contribute to the literature by including past and present findings as well as assumptions about the future. This study, which also focuses on the political, economic and social impacts and current reflections of borrowing in the context of public debt theory, emphasizes the transformation in the external debt structure in the globalization process. In another aspect of public economics and finance, this study also evaluates the contributions of new budgetary approaches classified as: (1) environment-friendly budgetary approach, (2) citizen-centered budgetary approach, (3) citizen's budget approach, (4) participatory budget approach, and (5)

**Bernur Açıkgöz**

Turkey

Izmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Economics,

increase and therefore the state has to spend more to meet these needs.

states have increased.

gender-responsive budgeting approach.
