**4. Concluding remarks and future directions**

Cell therapy applications utilizing stem cells are increasing day by day and several clinical trials are ongoing to treat incurable diseases. With the growing need for cell-based products, the manufacturing facilities should be compatible for fulfilling the market demand by supplying safe and effective cell-based products. Since the current manufacturing systems are stuck with several drawbacks, especially multistep processing which poses high risk of contamination as well as long processing time which contributes to increase culture cost, a more straightforward system is required. Bioreactor-based cell manufacturing system can provide a single-step and straightforward processing of cell-based products. Integration of different steps, especially genetic modifications, derivation, and expansion as well as differentiation in bioreactor will pave the future of manufacturing cell-based products. The integrated biologics manufacturing in stirred suspension culture will significantly reduce the risk of contamination of final products, increase product efficacy, and reduce cell processing time and provide a cost-effective platform for cell manufacturing for cell therapy applications.

## **Acknowledgements**

SCN conceptualized, designed, and wrote the manuscript. DER conceptualized and revised the manuscript.

**79**

**Author details**

provided the original work is properly cited.

Suman C. Nath and Derrick E. Rancourt\*

University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

\*Address all correspondence to: rancourt@ucalgary.ca

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine,

*Integrated Biologics Manufacturing in Stirred-Suspension Bioreactor: A Stem Cell Perspective*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83813*

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**Conflict of interest**

*Integrated Biologics Manufacturing in Stirred-Suspension Bioreactor: A Stem Cell Perspective DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83813*
