Meet the editor

Dr. Albert S. Kim is currently a full professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He has been teaching in the department from 2001, after he earned his MS (1997) and PhD (2000) in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of California at Los Angeles. Dr. Kim's scientific accomplishments include the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career (CAREER)

Award in 2005, the University of Hawaii Regents' Medal for Excellence in Research in 2006, and the University of Hawaii Regents' Medal for Excellence in Teaching in 2017. Professor Kim has published more than 60 peer-reviewed journal papers and six book chapters, and edited two open books.

Contents

**Section 1**

(CFPD)

Turbulent Flows *by Santiago Laín*

Nozzle Spray

Scalar Conservation Laws *by Baver Okutmuştur*

*by Wahiba Yaïci and Evgueniy Entchev*

*by Zhenhua Huang and Cheng-Hsien Lee*

**Section 2**

*by Albert S. Kim and Hyeon-Ju Kim*

**Preface III**

Computational Particle Hydrodynamics **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 19**

**Chapter 3 39**

Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications **67**

**Chapter 4 69**

**Chapter 5 93**

**Chapter 6 119**

**Chapter 7 145**

A Coupling Algorithm of Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics

Response Behavior of Nonspherical Particles in Homogeneous Isotropic

An Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Model for Droplets Dispersion from

*by Carlos G. Sedano, César Augusto Aguirre and Armando B. Brizuela*

Unsteady CFD with Heat and Mass Transfer Simulation of Solar Adsorption Cooling System for Optimal Design and Performance

CFD Simulation of Flow Phenomena in Selected Centrifugal Pumps,

Modeling of Fluid-Solid Two-Phase Geophysical Flows

Industrial Fans and Positive Displacement Pumps *by Wieslaw Fiebig, Paulina Szwemin and Maciej Zawislak*

### Contents


Preface

Nature has four phases: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. All phases except solid are in flowing states without having fixed molecular structures. In physics, matter and energy are known as exchangeable quantities, and water is a vital resource for human life as it makes up more than 70 percent of the human body. In engineering practices, humans create an artificial non-equilibrium state and induce nature to seek a local equilibrium within a reasonable time scale. Gradients of some physical quantities such as mass, heat, and momentum generate their fluxes that are amounts passed through a unit surface area per unit time. Engineering can be understood as a set of processes that convert these spontaneous fluxes into available resources. Fluid dynamics stems from Newton's second law for many individual particles interacting in viscous motion, which is represented using Navier–Stokes equations. Water is one of the representative fluids in engineering and sciences, having a pseudo-constant density, indifferent from temperature. A water molecule consists of one oxygen and two hydrogen molecules, of which molecular interactions determine the macroscopic properties. The hydraulic pressure can be explained, instead of force per unit area, as energy per unit volume that is equivalent to an energy density providing better understanding due to its scalar nature. Fluid mechanics is linked to statistical mechanics through pressure. The pressure is proportional to the negative gradient of the enthalpy per mass in an adiabatic system or Helmholtz energy per mass in an isothermal-isovolumetric system. Fluid dynamics is, by definition, a problem of solving the Navier–Stokes equation within a reasonable time frame. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often used to analyze, optimize, and predict engineering phenomena and processes of practical interest. Transport of molecular matter such as salts, contaminants, reactants, and even macro-organics is often described using continuum equations that include convection, diffusion, reaction, and sourcing processes. When particles and solutes move relative to a moving fluid, (simultaneous) translation and rotation of multiple particles provide the intrinsically coupled feedback to the local fluid motion. Coupled simulations of fluid and particles are possible in principle but computationally challenging due to the mathematical complexity and computation demand. CFD simulation results can be, therefore, much more efficiently used if simulation runtime is significantly reduced so that more candidates of probable engineering scenarios are thoroughly investigated. On the other hand, highly accurate results are also of great necessity in fluid dynamics fundamentals. Open problems in CFD research literature include seamlessly merging fluid and particle dynamics while their relative motion is coupled due to the viscous characteristics of the solvent and rigorous analytic solutions for flow fields in geometrically less complex channels. In this vein, this book covers a wide range of state-of-the-art
