Preface

*Trauma in Dentistry* is written by academics who specialize in the field, but in no way do we claim that this book covers all issues related to the subject.

Many of the academic issues that are thought to be theoretical in essence are, in fact, thoroughly in the clinical environment. Even though the practices of surgical, prosthetic, and restorative dentistry fundamentally cover conventional procedures, post-traumatic treatment differs from classical approaches in the sense that it requires more advanced diagnostic and treatment techniques. Many of the post-trauma-related treatments especially are as combined surgical and restorative treatments in contemporary dentistry. This is the type of experience that the academics who have contributed to this volume have. This volume not only covers the scientific basis of trauma and trauma-related matters, but it also aims to draw attention to these advanced diagnostic and treatment methods that may be used for dealing with dental trauma.

 The most important matter regarding post-trauma treatment is to diagnose quickly and correctly and implement the right treatment. This volume includes information regarding both adult and pediatric treatments, as children make up the largest portion of the dental trauma population. We hope this volume will pioneer muchadvanced publications in the field of traumatic dental injuries.

Another important issue to consider besides traumatic injuries is occlusal traumas. Therefore we dedicate a chapter to this topic that covers neuromuscular foundations and the most up-to-date treatment methods available.

 Aside from the information on diagnostic and treatment techniques, this volume includes information on biomaterials. I especially hope the content on the features of biological restorative materials and their application techniques will be helpful for clinical practice.

Also covered in this book is one of the more routine practices of dentistry, that is, implant treatments. Though there are numerous publications on the matter, this book not only draws attention to the relationship between implants and traumatic cases that dentists frequently come across, but it also discusses potential treatment methods available.

 I believe that all my colleagues, who have not only encouraged me but who have also taken the time and effort to prepare this volume, have given their utmost with complete sincerity.

I would also like to thank my wife who has shown appreciation and understanding for all the time I devoted to preparing this book for publication.

> **Serdar Gözler**  Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey

Section 1 Introduction

**3**

**Chapter 1**

Dentistry

*Serdar Gözler*

**1. Introduction**

according to the following situations [1]:

2. Fracture of crown without pulpal involvement,

3. Fracture of crown with pulpal involvement,

5. Fracture of crown together with the root,

1. Fracture of enamel of tooth,

4. Fracture of root of tooth,

6. Unspecified tooth fracture,

8. Intrusion and/or extrusion of teeth

10. Other type of injuries including burns and laceration.

Most of the reported traumatic cases come from falls while children play [2]. At the present time, the dental trauma term must also be included for dental treatment sourced from traumatic cases. There are various invasive restorative dental treatment models in modern dentistry at the present time. For example, dental implant treatments, tissue repair purpose treatments, augmentations of maxillary sinuses,

7. Tooth luxation,

9. Avulsion of teeth,

Introductory Chapter: Etiology,

Procedure at Traumatic Cases in

Dental trauma presents one of the most important situations where clinicians are called upon to make unscheduled diagnostic and treatment approaches in an area that is outside their routine experience. Guidelines have been outlined for management of numerous dental and medical conditions. Traumatic cases in dentistry are classified by many sources; however, the World Health Organization's (WHO) classification system is the most comprehensive system which allows for minimal subjective interpretations. The WHO traumatic classification system is built up

Diagnostic, and Treatment

#### **Chapter 1**
