Contents



Preface

In accordance with progress in genome informatics, developments in molecular biology have greatly changed medical sciences. For example, diagnosis of certain diseases, including cancer, could be carried out by genome analysis, which accurately shows every mutated nucleotide in individual genomes. Moreover, genome editing technologies are expected to be clinically applied on some diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Recent studies revealed that specific human diseases are frequently accompanied with dysregulation in transcription or gene expression. In this regard, understanding mechanisms of the transcription system is essential for development in medical and life sciences. This will direct us as to how we could apply gene expression control for practical uses, not only in diagnosis and therapeutics but also in industrial production of recombinant cytokines, antibodies, and

In Section 1 of this book, pathologically important roles of the transcriptional regulation are described. Inner cellular signalling pathway plays important roles in

In Section 2, Chapter 2 discusses in detail how MAPK induced signals affect transcriptional initiation, elongation, and termination. The studies in MAPK-mediated transcriptional controlling system will contribute to novel therapeutics for cancer, immunological and metabolic diseases. Not only cell surviving or proliferationcausing signals, but also dysregulation in autophagy could play causative roles in generation of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In Chapter 3, the possible relationships between expression of the autophagy associated factor-encoding genes and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are discussed. In Chapter 4, we explain dysregulated transcription in odontogenic cysts. The author discusses if the overexpressed genes, including *PTCH*, or their encoding proteins could be the right

In Section 3, we look over transcriptional control. Current advances in molecular biology enabled accumulation of data from genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. In Chapter 5, we learn how to utilize and apply such data on the examination of the transcriptional control system. The author performed datamining from ChIP-seq analyses to discuss the transcriptional control of urea-cycle factor encoding gene expression. If scientists find some key transcription factors, they might be applied on gene-therapy. In Chapter 6, the authors argue for the gene delivery system, which enables pin-point therapeutics on pathological tissue. The transcriptional control is not only applied for medical subjects, but also with food supply. In Chapter 7, the author presents a platform to discuss nutrigenomics, which will contribute to increase the production rate of meat and milk. The concept might be relevant to prevention of diseases, including diabetes and aging-associated

Although applications of the transcriptional control on life sciences are making rapid progress, basic study is necessary for further progress toward a new era

the regulation of various cellular behaviours.

targets for medical treatment.

syndromes.

hormones.
