Preface

Because the regenerative ability of cartilage is limited due to its avascular nature and low replenishment rate of colla- gen type-II, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the top five most disabling conditions that affects more than one-third of the population older than 65 years of age. Recently, ORSI recommended that the optimal OA treatment regimen should consist of both medications and non-drug treatments. Currently, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs are often prescribed in association with weight loss and/or physiotherapy. When these options are no longer able to control symptoms, intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid or Platelet-Rich Plasma are alternatives. Non-pharmaceutical treatments start with bracing, weight loss and muscle strengthening through different types of physical activity. Recently, physical exercise became the cornerstone of osteoarthritis therapy and several natural medicines have been examined in clinical trials. Foods for treating arthritis include Omega-3 foods, high-antioxidant and fibre foods etc. The first part of this book examines the changes in bone and OA biomarkers in response to OA-diseased joints. The second part is a description of both OA clinical treatment approaches and natural supplements.

> **Prof. Hechmi Toumi** University of Orléans,Orléans, France

> **Dr. Marija Mazor** University of Orléans,Orléans, France

Section 1

OA Biomarkers and

Treatments

1

Section 1
