Meet the editors

Dr. Dalila Haouas is an assistant professor at the Graduate Agriculture School of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia. She teaches Agricultural Entomology and Zoology. Her research interests include invasive and emergent insects on crops, botanical extracts and products for insect pest management. She has published articles in many international journals such as *Industrial Crops and Products*, *Journal of Pest Science*, *Chemistry and* 

*Biodiversity*, *Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin,* and *Shilap-Revista De Lepidopterologia*. She has also presented many papers at conferences, both locally and abroad. She is a reviewer of articles and chapters in impacted and indexed international journals.

Dr. Levente Hufnagel is an associate professor at Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary, in climate change and ecosystem ecology, biogeography, biometrics, and ecological research methodology. He has over 20 years of experience leading Hungarian academic institutions teaching PhD, MSc, and BSc students from various social and cultural backgrounds. He has more than 160 scientific publications (in both aquatic and terrestrial ecological

aspects of plants, animals, and microbes, at community as well as population level) and more than 700 independent citations. As a participant of several big ecological research and development projects, he has significant experience in multidisciplinary cooperations (with more than 180 coauthors in different publications). As the supervisor of several PhD, BSc, and MSc theses, and as editor-in-chief of an international scientific journal indexed by Web of Science and Scopus, he has broad supervising and editing experience. Dr Hufnagel graduated from Eötvös Lorand University with a Master degree in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and a PhD degree in Hydrobiology. He also graduated from Szent István University with a PhD degree in Agricultural Science.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

*by Sigmund Hågvar*

Integrated Insect Pest Management *by Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie*

Biological Control of Insect Pest

Irrigated Rice in Africa

*by Talha Nazir, Sehroon Khan and Dewen Qiu*

Viewpoint of International Publication

*by Carlos Vásquez and Yelitza Colmenárez*

*by Levente Hufnagel, Ferenc Mics and Réka Homoródi*

Invasive Mite Species in the Americas: Bioecology and Impact

**Preface III**

Definition and Concepts **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

Pest Management in Cereals **35**

**Chapter 3 37**

**Chapter 4 59**

Acarology **69**

**Chapter 5 71** Prologue: Scientific and Societal Importance of Mites and Acarology From the

**Chapter 6 81** Ecological Spotlights on Mites (Acari) in Norwegian Conifer Forests: A Review

**Chapter 7 103**

Trap Barrier System (TBS) as a New Tool for Rodent Pest Management in

*by Loth S. Mulungu, Bernard M. Mchukya and Laurent L. Mnyone*

Stem Borers of Cereal Crops in Africa and Their Management *by Abou Togola, Ousmane Boukar, Manuele Tamo and Siva Chamarthi*

## Contents


**Chapter 8 123** Biology and Ecology of Some Predaceous and Herbivorous Mites Important from the Agricultural Perception *by Muhammad Sarwar*

## **Chapter 9 153**

Bioecology of Jasmine Mite, *Tetranychus urticae* in Different Jasmine Cultivars *by Isaac Merlin Kamala*

Preface

The imperatives of productivity, which impose high yields of quality plant products combined with the specialization of crops by region, make plant protection a vital activity in agriculture. Pest control has made huge progress during the 20th century. This progress has been made possible by scientific and technical breakthroughs, particularly in chemistry (analytical and synthetic) and in biology (population dynamics, ecosystem analysis, biological control theory and practice, biotechnology).

For these reasons, and to ensure food safety, several methods of protection are used. Indeed, after the Second World War, the appearance of inexpensive synthetic products, easy to use, and with a broad field of action led, at first, to an irrational use, too often repeated as a kind of all-risk protection, even in the absence of pests. This systematic or anarchic implementation of protective treatment quickly led to pollution and environmental problems. These pesticides have contributed to early outbreaks of pests resulting from the destruction of native entomophagous organisms, the emergence of pest populations resistant to various groups of insecticides, and pesticide residue accumulation in food products. New approaches have been required and adopted as an alternative to reduce pesticide impact on the environment. These are Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. According to FAO, Integrated Pest Management represents a crop management system, in the environmental context and changing pest populations, using all available control techniques, in the most consistent manner possible, to maintain pest levels below the threshold of economic harm. This management must ensure that there is no complete dependence on a single control method and take into account the economic, social,

This book describes novel methods adopted in pest management for cereal crops and fruit trees. Each chapter has been written by experts in their respective areas and provides a rigorous review and outline of current trends and future needs, to expedite progress in the field. We have structured the nine chapters of *Pests Control and Acarology* into three sections. In the first section, there is the definition and concept of Integrated Pest Management (Chapter 1) and biological control (Chapter 2). The second section includes two chapters: the first one presents the Trap Barrier System (TBS) as a new tool for rodent pest management in irrigated rice, while the second one discusses the stem borers of cereal crops in Africa and their management. The third section presents strategies for controlling mites.

I would like to thank all contributors for the time and effort that they devoted to prepare their chapters. It is their participation that makes our efforts to organize such a book possible. In addition, special thanks to IntechOpen's staff and editorial board.

**Dalila Haouas**

Tunisia

University of Jendouba,

and environmental consequences of control strategies.
