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## Meet the editor

Sanja Josef Golubic is a senior research and teaching assistant (postdoctoral fellow) at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb. Her academic qualifications include a PhD in cognitive neurodynamics and an MSc in theoretical physics. Despite a short scientific career, she has made outstanding achievements in the field of neuroscience. Her first scientific publication was nominated for the Nightingale Prize

for Best Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing Paper in 2011. Other notable contributions to the field include a significant role in resolving the 30-yearlong enigma of the neural network underlying auditory sensory gating; revealing the functional role of neural generators involved in the sensory gating processing; and proposing the neural mechanism of sensory gating phenomena. Notably, her major scientific achievements are finding a new, fast cortical pathway, a gating stream that links the prefrontal cortex to primary sensory areas along with well-established ventral and dorsal sensory pathways, and particularly the discovery of a discrete individual biomarker of Alzheimer's disease with the potential to detect the disease in its preclinical stage. The high translational potential of the discovery is emphasized by its selection in the top 100 best spin-offs in 2018.

**Preface III**

Analysis of Brain Imaging Data **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 51** Application of ICA and Dynamic Mixture Model to Identify Microvasculature

Functional Brain Imaging **69**

**Chapter 4 71**

**Chapter 5 101**

Structural Imaging **129**

**Chapter 6 131**

Simultaneous Smelling an Incense Outdoor and Putting the Hands Together

Neuroimaging Reveals Heterogeneous Neural Correlates of Reading Deficit in Individuals with Dyslexia Consistent with a Multiple Deficit Model

Imaging Tests for Predicting the Presence of Difficult Airway in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Otorhinolaryngological Surgery *by Juan Gutiérrez Franchi, S. Merino, P. de la Calle, C. Perrino, M. Represa* 

Vector-Based Approach for the Detection of Initial Dips Using Functional

Supervised Sparse Components Analysis with Application to Brain

**Section 1**

Contents

Imaging Data *by Atsushi Kawaguchi*

*by Toshinori Kato*

Activation in fMRI *by Yongxia Zhou*

**Section 2**

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Activate Specific Brain Areas

*by Agnieszka A. Reid*

**Section 3**

*and P. Moral*

*by Mitsuo Tonoike and Takuto Hayashi*

## Contents


#### **Section 4** Mind and Brain **145**

#### **Chapter 7 147**

Functional Brain Imagery and Jungian Analytical Psychology: An Interesting Dance? *by Leon Petchkovsky, Michael Petchkovsky, Philip Morris, Paul Dickson,* 

*Danielle T. Montgomery, Jonathan Dwyer, Patrick Burnett and Kristin Robertson-Gillam*

Preface

Modern neuroimaging technologies allow not only for the visualization of anatomical structures but also for reaching their functional characteristics and monitoring their dynamics. Both structural and functional imaging have a long tradition in neuroscience and are widely used in basic research and clinical settings. The novel generations of neuroimaging tools include innovative methods in computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Both scientists and technologists are joining forces to find a way to improve technology, data analysis, and the application of neuroimaging in the wide spectra of scientific and clinical research, including the study of topography and dynamics of neural networks, sensory processing, and investigations of neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, neuropsychological disorders, and aging. Recent achievements of neuroimaging techniques suggest that they are essential for the identification of biological markers of the earliest stages of neurodiseases and the

This book does not intend to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of neuroimaging techniques and methods, but offers a narrow overview of processing and application advances in the current state-of-the-art imaging modalities and their utility. The first part of the book addresses the current advances of methods for analyzing brain imaging data. In the chapter "Supervised Sparse Component Analysis with Application to Brain Imaging Data," the author provides strong evidence that supervised multiblock sparse component analysis identifies the association between brain areas at the voxel level, enabling more reliable interpretation of neuroimaging results. The chapter "Vector-Based Approach for the Detection of Initial Dips Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy" follows the progress in functional NIRS detection of local brain dynamics from its beginnings, discusses problems with single index analysis, and introduces a novel vector-based method, which could provide information on neural dynamics with a better temporal resolution. Finally, the chapter "Application of ICA and Dynamic Mixture Model to Identify Microvasculature Activation in fMRI" provides a comprehensive description of a novel method for improving the quality of the functional MRI signal, which comprises a complex mixture of neuronal, metabolic, and vascular process signals, and is additionally corrupted by multiple nonneuronal artifacts of instrumental, physiological, or subject-specific origin. The author presents both simulations and experimental testing of the novel method, pointing out the advantages

The second part of the book focuses on functional brain imaging, essential for understanding spontaneous neural activity and brain mechanisms engaged in the processing of external inputs, memory formation, and cognition. The chapter "Simultaneous Smelling an Incense Odor and Putting the Hands Together to Activate Specific Brain Areas" provides an example of the usefulness of MEG, a high temporal and spatial resolution neuroimaging technique, for investigating the changes in topology and dynamics of sensory processing evoked by multimodal inputs. In the chapter "Neuroimaging Reveals the Heterogeneous Neural Correlates

development of new therapies.

and limitations of the proposed approach.
