Preface

Modern neuroimaging technologies allow not only for the visualization of anatomical structures but also for reaching their functional characteristics and monitoring their dynamics. Both structural and functional imaging have a long tradition in neuroscience and are widely used in basic research and clinical settings. The novel generations of neuroimaging tools include innovative methods in computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Both scientists and technologists are joining forces to find a way to improve technology, data analysis, and the application of neuroimaging in the wide spectra of scientific and clinical research, including the study of topography and dynamics of neural networks, sensory processing, and investigations of neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, neuropsychological disorders, and aging. Recent achievements of neuroimaging techniques suggest that they are essential for the identification of biological markers of the earliest stages of neurodiseases and the development of new therapies.

This book does not intend to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of neuroimaging techniques and methods, but offers a narrow overview of processing and application advances in the current state-of-the-art imaging modalities and their utility. The first part of the book addresses the current advances of methods for analyzing brain imaging data. In the chapter "Supervised Sparse Component Analysis with Application to Brain Imaging Data," the author provides strong evidence that supervised multiblock sparse component analysis identifies the association between brain areas at the voxel level, enabling more reliable interpretation of neuroimaging results. The chapter "Vector-Based Approach for the Detection of Initial Dips Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy" follows the progress in functional NIRS detection of local brain dynamics from its beginnings, discusses problems with single index analysis, and introduces a novel vector-based method, which could provide information on neural dynamics with a better temporal resolution. Finally, the chapter "Application of ICA and Dynamic Mixture Model to Identify Microvasculature Activation in fMRI" provides a comprehensive description of a novel method for improving the quality of the functional MRI signal, which comprises a complex mixture of neuronal, metabolic, and vascular process signals, and is additionally corrupted by multiple nonneuronal artifacts of instrumental, physiological, or subject-specific origin. The author presents both simulations and experimental testing of the novel method, pointing out the advantages and limitations of the proposed approach.

The second part of the book focuses on functional brain imaging, essential for understanding spontaneous neural activity and brain mechanisms engaged in the processing of external inputs, memory formation, and cognition. The chapter "Simultaneous Smelling an Incense Odor and Putting the Hands Together to Activate Specific Brain Areas" provides an example of the usefulness of MEG, a high temporal and spatial resolution neuroimaging technique, for investigating the changes in topology and dynamics of sensory processing evoked by multimodal inputs. In the chapter "Neuroimaging Reveals the Heterogeneous Neural Correlates

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Mind and Brain **145**

**Chapter 7 147** Functional Brain Imagery and Jungian Analytical Psychology: An Interesting

*by Leon Petchkovsky, Michael Petchkovsky, Philip Morris, Paul Dickson,* 

*Danielle T. Montgomery, Jonathan Dwyer, Patrick Burnett* 

of Reading Deficit in Individuals with Developmental Dyslexia," the author presents a unique approach utilizing the functional MRI technique and multiple case approach for testing the prediction of the main dyslexia theories, including the Phonological Deficit Theory, Magnocellular Deficit Theory, and Cerebral Deficit Theory.

The third part of the book focuses on the role of structural imaging techniques as diagnostic tools in the evaluation of disease processes that affect the airway. The advanced imaging modalities, including CT, ultrasonography, and MRI, are discussed as indispensable tools in head and neck cancer evaluation. The fourth part of the book provides an example of the possible synergy between psychology, art (music), and neuroimaging in an attempt to reach the integrated mind and brain constructs.

> **Dr. Sanja Josef Golubić** Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia Section 1

> > Analysis of Brain

Imaging Data

1

Section 1
