**2. Experimental investigation**

## **2.1 Experimental setup**

Engine oil tests were carried out using a simple experimental setup, which is shown in **Figure 1**. The experimental setup consists of three chambers: the first chamber is called the magnetic chamber with turbine, second chamber is called non-magnetic chamber with turbine and last chamber is the sump chamber. The magnetic chamber consists of a circular magnet which collects the ferrous particles from the oil and after that oil is fed into the non-magnetic chamber, which collects and separates the non-ferrous particles from oil. Then the oil is passed into the

**Figure 1.**  *Experimental set up for engine oil analysis.* 

*Identification of Wear Condition in IC Engine by Wear Debris Monitoring DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81083* 

**Figure 2.**  *10 HP SI engine.* 

sump chamber which collects the filtered lubrication oil. The 12-volt DC motor present at the top of the experimental setup rotates at 200–220 rpm. The 12-volt battery supplies the DC current to the motor, which in turn rotates.

#### **2.2 Experimental procedure**

 A test rig has been developed based on the ferrography principle to perform the experimental investigation for engine oil analysis as shown in **Figure 1**. A series of engine oil samples from an IC engine at different time intervals of service were collected and the wear debris analysis was performed based on data obtained from the analysis of wear particles.

The engine used for the experimental investigation was a 10 HP SI engine developed by Briggs & Stratton Co. Ltd. as shown in **Figure 2**. This engine is generally used in SAE BAJA events organized by SAE INDIA. The specifications of this engine are detailed in **Table 1**.


**Table 1.**  *Engine specifications.* 


#### **Table 2.**

*Properties of engine oil.* 


**Table 3.** 

*Weight of wear debris collected from oil samples at different time intervals.* 

The lubrication oil SAE 5W-30 has been used in the engine. The lubrication properties of engine oil at the time of beginning of experiments are detailed in **Table 2**.

To find out the wear condition of the engine, 4 engine oil samples were collected from the 10 HP Petrol engine at different intervals. The load condition and speed condition are 12.0 Nm and 4200 rpm respectively. The engine was mounted on the BAJA vehicle. The total weight of wear debris extracted from each oil sample is given in **Table 3**.

#### **3. Results and discussion**

The engine oil is the most effective tool for condition and health monitoring of an IC engine. The lubrication oil carries detailed information about the condition of the engine. In the present investigation, two types of metals were found in the engine oil, ferrous and non-ferrous. The ferrous and non-ferrous particles are identified separately with the developed experimental setup. The deposition of ferrous and non-ferrous particles in the different.

chambers of the experimental set-up are shown in **Figure 3(a)** and **(b)**  respectively.

 The experimental results i.e. weight of wear debris from different test or oil samples are mentioned in **Table 3**. A graph between weight of wear debris and time is presented in **Figure 4** by using experimental results which shows the wear rate of engine. The experimental results demonstrate that the wear of engine parts is high at the starting phase of the engine. As the engine continues to run during different time intervals in same running conditions, the wear of engine parts decreases and then remains almost constant as shown in **Figure 4**.

It is found that the engine parts such as the cylinder liners, camshaft, crankshaft, valve seat and rocker arms are made from ferrous material and the piston, piston head and cylinder head are made from non-ferrous material, tend to deteriorate and are shown in **Table 4**.

*Identification of Wear Condition in IC Engine by Wear Debris Monitoring DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81083* 

#### **Figure 3.**

*Experimental setup for oil analysis: (a) magnetic chamber (ferrous particles) and (b) non-magnetic chamber (non-ferrous particles).* 

**Figure 4.**  *Wear rate of engine.* 


**Table 4.** 

*Various deteriorated parts of engine.* 

#### **4. Conclusion**

 Condition monitoring of the IC engine is very significant to avoid catastrophic failures. Various techniques are available in the literature for this monitoring. This study presents an experimental investigation to identify the wear condition of an SI engine by wear debris monitoring. Experimental results demonstrate that the wear rate of the engine decreases as life of engine increases and after some time interval, it remains almost constant. The condition of the deteriorated parts of the engine are also identified.

*Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Automation...* 
