**3. Wetlands in the future**

completely their natural feedback process. The exponential growth in natural resource utilization and the pollution from industrialization can reach the limits of ecosystems to provide the resource [9–11]. Eighty-seven percent of the wetlands in the world have been lost since 1700. Wetlands have been damaged by anthropogenic sources three times faster than natural forests. Therefore, there are direct and indirect negative impacts on biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Eighty-one percent of inland wetland species and 36% of coastal and marine

species have been influenced since 1970 [2].

**Figure 2.** The summary of an effective wetland management process.

6 Wetlands Management - Assessing Risk and Sustainable Solutions

Wetlands that may be accepted as ecosystems on edge because of their importance for the future have gained a crucial role to climatic change. Wetland management policies and simulations of their ability to absorb major quantities of carbon from the atmosphere as more than five times from tropical forest show an important solution in future climate [6, 12, 18–21]. It seems clear that wetlands are balanced due to mechanism of geochemical cycles (natural control-feedback mechanism).

As a result of the floods increasing based on climate change, the decrease in drinking water and the increasing human population, the future tasks of wetlands on the negative effects of urbanization are increasing for sustainable urban. It is estimated that at least 64 of the global wetlands have disappeared since 1900 due to cities and exponential human population growth. For this reason, the main mechanism of pollution removal from domestic and industrial wastewater in constructed wetlands will have much importance in their fixation and precipitation capacities [22]. Furthermore, constructed wetland systems would be good alternative technologies in the future, which have wastewater treatment standards as compared to conventional methods [23, 24].

**References**

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[1] Keddy PA. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000. p. 614. ISBN: 0-521-78367-4. DOI: 10.4319/lo.2001.46.6.1581 [2] Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Global Wetland Outlook: State of the World's Wetlands and their Services to People. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat; 2018.

Introductory Chapter: Wetland Importance and Management

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82456

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[3] Finlayson CM, Spiers AG. A Compendium of Information for Managing and Monitoring Wetlands in Tropical Australia [Internet]. Supervising Scientist Report 148, Supervising Scientist, Canberra; 1999. ISBN: 0-642-24351-4. Available from: https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/3313060e-07eb-40f0-aa07-66ef97240ee7/files/ssr148.

[4] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Wetlands and Water: Synthesis. Washington: Water Resources Institute; 2005, 2005. ISBN: 1-56973-597-2

[5] Smardon R. International Wetlands Policy and Management Issues. National Wetlands

[6] Davidson NC. How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area. Marine and Freshwater Research. 2014;**65**:936-941. DOI: 10.1071/

[7] Kevin LE. Wetlands and global climate change: The role of wetland restoration in a changing world. Wetlands Ecology and Management. 2009;**17**:71-84. DOI: 10.1007/

[8] Odum EP. Tidal marshes as out welling/pulsing systems. In: Weinstein MP, Kreeger DA, editors. Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology. Kluwer Academic

[9] Soto-Ortiz L. The regulation of ecological communities through feedback loops: A review. Research in Zoology. 2015;**5**:1-15. DOI: 10.5923/j.zoology.20150501.01

[10] Marten GG. Human Ecology: Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development. NY:

[11] Zari MP. Ecosystem services analysis in response to biodiversity loss caused by the built environment [Internet]. Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society. 2014;**7**:1-14. Available from: http://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/1684 [Accessed:

[12] Kusler J. Wetland, Climate Change, and Carbon Sequestering [Internet]. 2018. Available

[13] Catherine E, Benson CE, Carberry B, Langen TA. Public–private partnership wetland restoration programs benefit Species of Greatest Conservation Need and other

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We would also like to stress the great potential that such investigations have in the understanding and protection of these fragile, but extremely important, coastal ecosystems and encourage their incorporation into future wetland management tools.

Wetland degradation usually impacts environmental quality and can lead to major changes in the community composition. Therefore, a recent paradigm that alters within wetland science toward integration of social, all environmental, and life sciences is further appealing to the historical linkage between wetland and special kinds of science today.

Modern wetland science has become a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and sometimes transdisciplinary study that melds the social with the life sciences to understand wetlands as social-ecological systems.
