**Acknowledgements**

of the emissions generated when burning diesel-biodiesel mixtures. When the combustion takes place in the engine, the gases are conducted by a pipeline and then passed to a heat exchanger to reduce the gas temperature at 40° C. This process is necessary to ensure a proper functioning of the sensors, because the maximum temperature for operation specified is 50 **±** 5°C, after that the gases pass through a water trap, a humidity trap and finally reach each of the sensors so that each sensor reads real-time readings and generates registration data, databases provided by the signal conditioning devices processed through the virtual instrument on the PC. There is the versatility to measure the readings every 15 and 20 seconds, as well as 1 and 5 minutes. Other applications of virtual instruments are used in monitoring stations, chemical stations, iron and steel industries, restaurants, power plants, combined cycle, diesel internal combustion engines, gasoline, and natural gas motor test vehicle departments. They represent an option for the use of the VIEM through its redesign

The development of hardware and software of the virtual instrument for the measurement of emissions (VIEM) and for the measurement of parameters such as emission gases of O2

LabVIEW 2010® and ARDUINO MEGA as well as a data acquisition card model DAQ 6009 the National Instruments and an acquisition card model ARDUINO ONE, PC model Sony Vaio VGN-CR190 Intel Core Duo T7100 @ 1.8 GHz, Windows 7 operating system. These elements make up a combination of nonexclusive operation hardware with powerful software, obtaining an instrument of scalable architecture, with the possibility of being modified if necessary, presenting versatility and flexibility to adapt to other required uses, showing as the main advantage the cost of the system compared with conventional systems. The VIEM shows in real time the results of each of the measured parameters, graphs the results, and

As a result of the characterization of the diesel-biodiesel mixtures, the value of the calorific value of the diesel that was used as a reference point is 44.97 MJ/kg, and for the B100, it is

with the schematic diagrams presented in this chapter and the model of the sensors, and it is

With the development of the VIEM, it is easier and accessible to implement a test bench used to quantify the performance, emissions, and efficiency of the CIE. It was obtained a more demanding control on the inputs and outputs of the system, as well as the operating parameters of the diesel engines using a biofuel, or any other engine that works with any other fuel, biofuel or mix of both considering the minimum and maximum parameters of

**,** where the integrated circuits were designed to obtain equivalent increments of

39.08 MJ/kg. It is necessary to develop specific circuits for gas sensors such as O2

, 0.004 V/1 ppm of NO, 0.00476 V/5 ppm of SO2

, rpm, FC, and temperature is constituted by the platforms of programming

and adaptation to function as a portable system.

generates a database of each of the experimental activity.

possible to replicate the hardware used for gas measurement.

**5. Conclusions**

96 Biofuels - Challenges and opportunities

, CO2

NO, CO, SO2

SO2

, and CO2

0.065 V/1% of O2

the sensors.

The authors thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) and the Instituto de Ingeniería of the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California for its support in the development of this work. They also thank the Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Calidad Educativa 2018 (PFCE) for the financial support in publishing this chapter.
