We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists

4,100+

Open access books available

116,000+

International authors and editors

120M+

Downloads

Our authors are among the

Top 1%

most cited scientists

12.2%

Contributors from top 500 universities

Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI)

### Interested in publishing with us? Contact book.department@intechopen.com

Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com

## Meet the editor

Dr. Basel I. Ismail is currently an Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. In 2004, Professor Ismail earned his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. From 2004 to 2005, Dr. Ismail worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Engineering Physics Department, McMaster University. His spe-

cialty is in engineering heat transfer, engineering thermodynamics, energy conversion, and storage engineering. Dr. Ismail's research activities are theoretical and applied in nature. Currently, his research areas of interest are primarily focused on green engineering technologies related to alternative and renewable energy systems for power generation, heating, and cooling. This includes applications and innovations in solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal and ocean energy, thermoelectricity, and other similar areas. Dr. Ismail also has an interest in other engineering-based research areas, such as energy efficiency, optimization of thermal and power systems, energy and exergy analyses of energy systems, solar/ wind-powered desalination systems, and carbon-dioxide membrane gas separation (for industrial emissions control and GHG reduction). Dr. Ismail was the leading research investigator in a collaborative project (2007-2010) with Goldcorp-Musselwhite Canada Ltd. and Engineering of Lakehead University. This innovative project was state-of-the-art in geothermal energy-related technology applied in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Dr. Ismail has published many technical reports and articles related to his research areas in reputable international journals and conferences and participated in international forums related to renewable energy technologies. During his research activities, Professor Ismail has supervised and trained many graduate students and senior undergraduate students in mechanical engineering with projects and theses related to innovative renewable and alternative energy engineering and technologies.

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 9**

**Chapter 3 27**

**Chapter 4 39**

**Chapter 5 59**

Introductory Chapter: Power Generation Using Geothermal Low-Enthalpy

*by Jon Gluyas, Alison Auld, Charlotte Adams, Catherine Hirst, Simon Hogg* 

Geothermal Explorations on the Slate Formation of Taiwan

*by Alfonso Aragón-Aguilar, Georgina Izquierdo-Montalvo, Daniel Octavio Aragón-Gaspar and Denise N. Barreto-Rivera*

Space Cooling by Ground Source Heat Pump in Tropical Asia

Geothermal Potential of the Global Oil Industry

Stages of a Integrated Geothermal Project

*by Kasumi Yasukawa and Youhei Uchida*

Resources and ORC Technology

*by Sheng-Rong Song and Yi-Chia Lu*

*by Basel I. Ismail*

Contents

*and Jonathan Craig*

## Contents


Preface

The geothermal resources of the Earth are enormous. The natural heat energy from the Earth is called "Geothermal Energy". It is considered to be an environmentally friendly clean energy source that could significantly contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions when utilized for electrical power generation or direct heating applications. Geothermal energy resources vary geographically, depending on the depth and temperature of the resource, the rock chemical composition, and the abundance of ground water. The source of geothermal energy is the continuous heat energy flux flowing from the interior of the Earth toward its

This book is the result of contributions from several experts and researchers worldwide. Due to its important utilization and future prospects, various interesting topics of research related to geothermal energy explorations are covered in this book. The topics cover the following important aspects: principles of geothermal power generation using LEGE-ORC technology; geothermal exploration on the slate formation of Taiwan; geothermal potential of the global oil industry; development stages of a geothermal project; and space cooling by ground source heat pump in Tropical Asia. It is hoped that the book will become a useful source of information and basis for extended research for researchers, academics, policy makers, and practitioners in the area of renewable geothermal energy

I would like to thank all chapter authors for their efforts and the quality of the chapters presented. Also, I would like to thank Ms. Dolores Kuzelj from IntechOpen for her outstanding efforts and patience in managing the publication process of this

This book contains five chapters. An introductory chapter (Chapter 1) highlights the principles of geothermal power generation using LEGE-ORC technology and

Chapter two introduces the exploration results of a geothermal reservoir located in the slate formation of Taiwan using geological, geophysical, and geochemical methods. The hot springs, gas fumaroles with sulfur precipitation, hydrothermal alteration, and high surface temperature on rock bodies are the thermal manifestations in the Chingshui geothermal field. Geophysical surveys including geomagnetic, gravity, resistivity measurements (Transient Electro Magnetic (TEM) and Magnetotelluric (MT)) and micro-seismicity have been applied to detect the subsurface geological structures. A model with two geothermal reservoirs has been proposed underneath the Chingshui geothermal field. One reservoir is shallower at a depth of less than 3,000 m, while the other is deeper at depths ranging from 4,000 m to 8,000 m. Moreover, abundant micro-seismicity is distributed at the top of the deep reservoir to infer a high-temperature hydrothermal system with frequent

presents a summary of the following book chapters.

hydraulic fracturing that induces micro-seismicity.

surface.

explorations.

book.
