**8.2 Synthesis laboratory**

*In Pet studies a cyclotron is nothing without radiochemical laboratory* , because cyclotron only produce the ion, in our case, 18F and it has to be joined to the glucose analogue molecule (fluordexoxiglucose) to be driven to the body. In it fluor is send into molecule via electrophilic fluorination or nucleophilic fluorination reaction in which stable fluor is substitute by the activated 18F.

Fig. 11. Synthesis Lab in Venezuelan Cyclotron facility (courtesy Dorly Coehlo)

International Atomic Energy Agency. Technical Document 1340: Manual for Reactor

International Atomic Energy Agency. Technical Report Series No 471: Cycotron Produced Radionuclides: Guidelines for setting up a Facility. January 2003.1-257.

NVC2257: Norma Venezolana Covenin 2257: Radiaciones Ionizantes: Clasificación, señalización y demarcación de zonas de trabajo. ISBN: 980-06-1559-8 NVC2259: Norma Venezolana Covenin 2259: Radiaciones Ionizantes: Límites anuales de

NVC3299: Norma Venezolana Covenin 3299: Programa de Proteccion Radiologica .

Massila, K., Stein, R. & Suhizan, S. & Azlianor, A. World Academy of Science, Engineering

Nichols, A., Evaluation of Decay Data: Relevant IAEA Coordinated Research Projects.

Palige, J., Majkowska, A. & Herdzik, I. & Ptaszek, S. Nukleonika: 69Ge\68Ga Radioisotopes Generator as a Source of Radiotracers for Water Flow Investigations. 2077. 77-80. Sahoo, S., Sahoo, S. Production and Application Of Radioisotopes. 2006. Physics Education.

Moreira, R: XIV Seminari de Ingenieria biomedica: Principios y Elementos de un

Santos , A: X Congreso Brasileiro de FIsica Medica: Implementaçaode un PET/CT num

Gorospe, L et al: PET/CT: Aspectos de Protocolo y Controversias Legales. Radiologia 2008:

Fišer, M et al: Cyclotron targets and production technologies used for radiopharmaceuticals

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic\_Physics\_of\_Nuclear\_Medicine/Production\_of\_Radioi

in NPI Czechoslovak Journal of Physics, Volume 53, Supplement 1, January 2003 ,

Medical Radioisotopes Production without a Nuclear Reactor. May 2011. 1-38.

World Nuclear Medicine. Radioisotopes in Nuclear Medicine. January 2011. 1-13

Finley,D: Particle Accelerator for High Energy Physics. FERMIlAB. July 2002

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Nuclear/biohalf.html#c2

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/28954013/Medical-Isotope-Production-and-Use

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rubidium+82

http://www.nucmedtutorials.com/dwradiopharm/rad7.html

and Technology: Theoretical Isotopes Generator: An Alternative Towards Isotope

Produced Radioisotopes. January 2003.1-257. RUTH, T. World View of Radioisotope Production. 2008. 1-60.

dosis. ISBN: 980-06-1560-1

March 2008. 1-82.

Cyclotron.uruguay 2005

Servicio de Medicina Nuclear. Brazil, 2005

Ruth, T. World View of Radioisotope Production. 2008. 1-60.

5-11.

50:207-214

pp. A737-A743

**Electronic References** 

sotopes

Requisitos ISBN: 980-06-1854-6

Pattern Calculator. 2007. 146-149. McGoron, A. Radioisotopes in Nuclear Medicine. 1-8.

**9. References** 

**Publications** 

**Books** 
