**3.4. Detailed design**

the design object is located. Any product is used in a certain time and space and social environment, and the product status should match the current environment, which can highlight

The analysis and positioning stage is mainly based on the abovementioned research information. Through the actual deep investigation of people, machines, and environment, we are firstly able to analyze the direct and potential needs of the users, so as to achieve design customization in a targeted manner. Secondly, the investigation of the machine can be intuitive and effective in discovering market development opportunities. In general, we can explore products from two aspects. On the one hand, in the state of market agglomeration, it means that the product status is very suitable for the current trend and can meet the needs of most users. It can be used as a follow-up product development, taking the advantages of popular goods and targeting the mainstream of the market. On the other hand, as to the market's unpopular performance, the challenge of the alternative way of solving problems with the mutant thinking and the use of unique strategies to creatively complete the development of brand-new products can be reversely considered, as shown in **Figure 7**. In terms of environment, in view of the indivisibility of product use and environment, the product environment is reversely inferred from the use environment, and the consideration and development of the support are beneficial to maintain the performance of the product for a long time, thereby ensuring the service life of the product and saving the human, material, and financial invest-

On the basis of design analysis, the related aspects of the products involved are positioned to create a benchmark for subsequent series development and visual design, which lays the

Conceptual design is a series of organized and targeted concepts of concise design based on analysis of the previous market demand and user needs. It manifests itself as an evolving

the design intent and the characteristics of the times.

40 Product Lifecycle Management - Terminology and Applications

**3.2. The analysis and positioning stage**

ment in the industrial chain.

**3.3. Conceptual design stage**

**Figure 7.** Distribution analysis.

design direction and basis for the whole design process.

Detailed design is a visualization process based on the previous design concepts. It is extending and diverging based on design concepts and gradually forms a visual clear plan, as

**Figure 8.** Divergent thinking.

shown in **Figure 8**. Based on this, the process of design evaluation, program selection, and optimization, as well as the product expressions, is carried out. With a same script, different interpretations produce different works. The same is true of the design concept. Focusing on the abstract design concept, divergent thinking, and extension, starting from different angles, different characteristics, different ways, etc., the abstract concept is gradually associated with concrete objects, and the design process is gradually cleared and definitely expressed, as

Product Design Process and Methods http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80821 43

In terms of design evaluation, program selection, and optimization, based on the advancement and popularization of modern technology, computer-aided design and manufacturing technology can be fully utilized; digital models can be built with design sketches, and even 3D physical models can be obtained by using rapid prototyping technology, as shown in **Figures 11**–**13**. The model carries out product functional design, structural design, color design, human-machine interface design, etc. At the same time, according to the evaluation results, the digital model or physical model is optimized and improved through computer-

aided design software and reverse engineering technology, as shown in **Figure 14**.

shown in **Figures 9** and **10**.

**Figure 12.** Computer-aided model [6].

**Figure 13.** Prototyping model [7].

**Figure 9.** Original handmade sketch [3].

**Figure 10.** Computer-aided sketch [4].

**Figure 11.** Handmade model [5].

different characteristics, different ways, etc., the abstract concept is gradually associated with concrete objects, and the design process is gradually cleared and definitely expressed, as shown in **Figures 9** and **10**.

In terms of design evaluation, program selection, and optimization, based on the advancement and popularization of modern technology, computer-aided design and manufacturing technology can be fully utilized; digital models can be built with design sketches, and even 3D physical models can be obtained by using rapid prototyping technology, as shown in **Figures 11**–**13**. The model carries out product functional design, structural design, color design, human-machine interface design, etc. At the same time, according to the evaluation results, the digital model or physical model is optimized and improved through computeraided design software and reverse engineering technology, as shown in **Figure 14**.

**Figure 12.** Computer-aided model [6].

shown in **Figure 8**. Based on this, the process of design evaluation, program selection, and optimization, as well as the product expressions, is carried out. With a same script, different interpretations produce different works. The same is true of the design concept. Focusing on the abstract design concept, divergent thinking, and extension, starting from different angles,

**Figure 10.** Computer-aided sketch [4].

**Figure 9.** Original handmade sketch [3].

42 Product Lifecycle Management - Terminology and Applications

**Figure 11.** Handmade model [5].

**Figure 13.** Prototyping model [7].

firstly, it is necessary to prepare for the whole investigation, determine its objectives, and clarify whether its form is inquiry, observation, experiment, or case, and based on preliminary analysis, formulate the basic ideas and problems of the investigation, and highlight the key

Product Design Process and Methods http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80821 45

The second one is to conduct an investigation. This stage is the way to obtain information. Incorporate the survey objectives to determine the respondents, select appropriate survey techniques to determine the query items and design questionnaires, and then conduct a field

Finally, collate the survey results by analyses and research, draw into various forms, and then

At different stages of design, surveys are conducted around different surveyees, with different design goals and processes to make sure the final results are armed with comprehensive

The creating technique is an important part to improve the design quality. It is a means to use the multi-directionality, the differentiation, the suddenness, the broadness, and the flexibility of creative thinking to propose new ideas. According to different classification criteria, creating techniques can be divided into different types. Such as according to the personality characteristics of the creative team members, the creating techniques can be divided into open speech and anonymous expression. The typical representative techniques are brainstorming

information feedback, so as to develop and create new products in a targeted manner.

points concisely as much as possible.

present analysis results of the survey, as shown in **Figure 15**.

survey in an orderly manner.

**4.2. Creating techniques**

**Figure 15.** Design survey.

**Figure 14.** Reverse scan [8].

#### **3.5. The design output stage**

The design output stage mainly refers to the expression of design results and the preliminary preparation for the following production. At this stage, through the design renderings, dimensional drawings, parts drawings, construction drawings, detail display drawings, structural drawings, etc., the design results are presented in a detailed and complete manner. Through this way, the above design work is closed and integrated on one the hand. On the other hand, these outputs also provide the basis for production and construction after the design phase.
