Preface

Chapter 9 **Efficient Microbial Decontamination of Translucent Liquids and**

Nicolae Enaki, Sergiu Bizgan, Andrei Nistreanu, Viorica Tonu, Marina Turcan, Tatiana Pislari, Elena Starodub, Aurelia Profir, Gianina-Florentina Popescu-Pelin, Maria Badiceanu, Carmen-

**Biocompatibility of Prosthesis and Medical Implants 199** José A. García, Pedro J. Rivero, Rocío Ortiz, Iban Quintana and

**Gases Using Optical Metamaterials 169**

Georgeta Ristoscu and Ion N. Mihailescu

Chapter 10 **Advanced Surface Treatments for Improving the**

Rafael J. Rodríguez

**VI** Contents

Advanced surface engineering fertilizes the high-throughput chemical and physical engineer‐ ing phenomenon in relation to magnetic, electrical, electronic, optical, and thermal controls, as well as surface areas, excessive gas exchange, and protective coatings. Smart surface technolo‐ gy provides an interlayer model that prevents the entry of substances without affecting the properties of neighboring layers.

Advanced surface engineering research provides the motivation for research aimed at devel‐ oping a fundamental understanding of the nature and consequences of the interaction be‐ tween materials at the atomic scale. This book guides the rational design of material for technological application.

The chapter **"Synthesis and nonlinear studies on selected organic compounds in nanostruc‐ tured thin films"** discusses nonlinear optical properties of new synthesized derivatives evaluat‐ ed in relation with the chemical structure by using *density functional theory* molecular modeling.

The chapter "**Shot peening of austempered ductile iron"** looks into the effect of shot peening on austempered ductile iron (ADI) in more detail and delves into a case study that was carried out to analyze the bending fatigue resistance and tribological characteristics of Cu–Ni-alloyed ADI.

The chapter **"Advanced electro-spark deposition process on metallic alloys"** studies the mate‐ rial base–surface multilayer system for various types of depositions (increasing the wear resist‐ ance of Fe–C alloy parts), whose compatibility with the substrate provides high-quality parts.

The chapter "**Surface manufacturing of materials by high energy fluxes"** aims to summarize the topics related to the application of a surface treatment by high-energy fluxes (i.e. electron and laser beams) for developing new multifunctional materials, as well as modifying their sur‐ face properties.

The chapter "**The potential of pyrolytic biomass as a sustainable bio-filler for styrene-buta‐ diene rubber"** explains the significant potential of pyrolytic biomass char for use as a sustain‐ able carbon black replacement filler for rubber materials. The manufacture of rubber filler is not only energy consuming, contributing significantly to global CO2 emissions, but uses nonrenewable feedstock in production making it unsustainable.

The chapter "**Ultrafast laser inscription of buried waveguides in W-TCP bioactive eutectic glasses"** reviews the fundamentals of the ultrafast laser inscription technique to produce opti‐ cal waveguides inside dielectric materials such as crystals and glasses. Next, as an example, the application of this technique is revised to create buried waveguides inside bioactive glasses and specifically inside wollastonite-tricalcium phosphate eutectic glasses.

The chapter **"Surface modification of Fe3O4 as magnetic adsorbents for recovery of precious metals"** looks comprehensively at the preparation, characterization, and use of the magnetic core–shell modified with functional groups as magnetic adsorbent. After adsorption, the mate‐ rials together with the ions can be recovered by use of a magnet before further separation and purification.

The chapter **"Hidden resources of a coordinated XPS and DFT studies**" electronic configura‐ tion of chemically bound atoms at the surface or in the bulk of a solid, and contains the traps for the energy absorption provided by valence band transitions. The core-level excitation of any origin is coupled with those traps forming a multichannel route for energy dissipation. The chapter shows tracing over the channels by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT).

The chapter proposes an effective way of decontamination using optical metamaterials like photonic crystals consisting of glass microspheres or granulated quartz with various geome‐ tries. Efficient decontamination using the evanescent zone of metamaterials opens a new per‐ spective in pathogen decontamination.

The chapter "**Efficient microbial decontamination of translucent liquids and gases using op‐ tical metamaterials"** proposes different topological structures of metamaterials to enlarge the contact surface of ultraviolet radiation with polluted translucent fluids.

The chapter "**Advanced surface treatments for improving the biocompatibility of prosthesis and medical implants"** presents an updated review of the most used surface engineering tech‐ nologies for biomaterials, such as novel PVD coatings, ion implantation, and other plasma spray treatments, as well as a critical review of the characterization techniques. This study is completed with an insight into the future of the field.

I am very much grateful to my university (**Dhaka University of Engineering and Technolo‐ gy, Gazipur) for creating the opportunities to do this work.** 

I wish to give my heartfelt and sincere thanks to Eng. Bengir Ahmed Shuvho for his continu‐ ous technical and valuable support to complete the book successfully. I appreciate and ac‐ knowledge his contributions in the review process of all the chapters. I am immensely grateful to Author Service Manager Ms. Dolores Kuzelj and IntechOpen publisher, UK. I also grateful‐ ly acknowledge the authors for their worthy contributions to write an application-based chap‐ ter for this book. I learnt a lot about editing this book from **Professor Dr. Mohammed Alauddin, Honorable Vice Chancellor of Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur.** Hopefully, this book will be used as a state of the art for creating the basis of funda‐ mental and applied research. Students of different renowned universities will also benefit from this book.

My special thanks go to my wife Anisa Akhtar, my son Ayan, and my daughter Afsheen, who have been forbearing during the year when I spent long days and nights conducting research and keeping up with the literature and preparation of this book.

> **Professor Dr. Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury** Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET)

Gazipur, Bangladesh

**Chapter 1**

Provisional chapter

**Synthesis and Nonlinear Studies on Selected Organic**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79522

Organic compounds based on ferrocene, pyrazolone, and octahydroacridine exhibit high interest due to their unusual structure, with potential practical applications due to their special optical properties. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of some new synthesized derivatives are evaluated in relationship with the chemical structure by using DFT molecular modeling. In condensed state, ferrocene and other organic molecules were found in a staggered arrangement (D5d) as a nonpolar molecule, but the eclipsed (D5h) and twisted (D5) forms exhibit SHG capabilities. The molecular polarizability (α), first-order hyperpolarizabilities (βtot), dipole (μtot), and quadrupole (Q) moments were computed. The NLO efficiency was assessed by the relationship between high (βtot) and low HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The nonlinear optical properties of some new synthesized compounds were evaluated in thin films with nanometric morphology obtained using various methods: Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin films, sol-gel deposition, and layer-by-layer deposition.

Nonlinear optics has become a vibrant field of research since the optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) was first observed in the early 1960s [1]. A better understanding was achieved on the origin of nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena and the structure-property relationships of NLO chromophores in the late 1970s when various tools were developed to accurately measure and calculate hyperpolarizabilities [2]. Organic NLO materials, which can be modulated and processed readily, are of much contemporary interest because of their potential applications in modulation of optical signals, medicine, spectroscopic and

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords: nonlinear optics, thin films, nanostructures, hybrid materials

Synthesis and Nonlinear Studies on Selected Organic

**Compounds in Nanostructured Thin Films**

Compounds in Nanostructured Thin Films

Ludmila-Otilia Cinteza and Maria Marinescu

Ludmila-Otilia Cinteza and Maria Marinescu

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79522

Langmuir-Blodgett film, layer by layer

Abstract

1. Introduction

#### **Synthesis and Nonlinear Studies on Selected Organic Compounds in Nanostructured Thin Films** Synthesis and Nonlinear Studies on Selected Organic Compounds in Nanostructured Thin Films

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79522

Ludmila-Otilia Cinteza and Maria Marinescu Ludmila-Otilia Cinteza and Maria Marinescu

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79522

#### Abstract

The chapter **"Surface modification of Fe3O4 as magnetic adsorbents for recovery of precious metals"** looks comprehensively at the preparation, characterization, and use of the magnetic core–shell modified with functional groups as magnetic adsorbent. After adsorption, the mate‐ rials together with the ions can be recovered by use of a magnet before further separation and

The chapter **"Hidden resources of a coordinated XPS and DFT studies**" electronic configura‐ tion of chemically bound atoms at the surface or in the bulk of a solid, and contains the traps for the energy absorption provided by valence band transitions. The core-level excitation of any origin is coupled with those traps forming a multichannel route for energy dissipation. The chapter shows tracing over the channels by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The chapter proposes an effective way of decontamination using optical metamaterials like photonic crystals consisting of glass microspheres or granulated quartz with various geome‐ tries. Efficient decontamination using the evanescent zone of metamaterials opens a new per‐

The chapter "**Efficient microbial decontamination of translucent liquids and gases using op‐ tical metamaterials"** proposes different topological structures of metamaterials to enlarge the

The chapter "**Advanced surface treatments for improving the biocompatibility of prosthesis and medical implants"** presents an updated review of the most used surface engineering tech‐ nologies for biomaterials, such as novel PVD coatings, ion implantation, and other plasma spray treatments, as well as a critical review of the characterization techniques. This study is

I am very much grateful to my university (**Dhaka University of Engineering and Technolo‐**

I wish to give my heartfelt and sincere thanks to Eng. Bengir Ahmed Shuvho for his continu‐ ous technical and valuable support to complete the book successfully. I appreciate and ac‐ knowledge his contributions in the review process of all the chapters. I am immensely grateful to Author Service Manager Ms. Dolores Kuzelj and IntechOpen publisher, UK. I also grateful‐ ly acknowledge the authors for their worthy contributions to write an application-based chap‐ ter for this book. I learnt a lot about editing this book from **Professor Dr. Mohammed Alauddin, Honorable Vice Chancellor of Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur.** Hopefully, this book will be used as a state of the art for creating the basis of funda‐ mental and applied research. Students of different renowned universities will also benefit

My special thanks go to my wife Anisa Akhtar, my son Ayan, and my daughter Afsheen, who have been forbearing during the year when I spent long days and nights conducting research

> **Professor Dr. Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury** Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET)

> > Gazipur, Bangladesh

contact surface of ultraviolet radiation with polluted translucent fluids.

completed with an insight into the future of the field.

**gy, Gazipur) for creating the opportunities to do this work.** 

and keeping up with the literature and preparation of this book.

purification.

VIII Preface

from this book.

(XPS) and density functional theory (DFT).

spective in pathogen decontamination.

Organic compounds based on ferrocene, pyrazolone, and octahydroacridine exhibit high interest due to their unusual structure, with potential practical applications due to their special optical properties. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of some new synthesized derivatives are evaluated in relationship with the chemical structure by using DFT molecular modeling. In condensed state, ferrocene and other organic molecules were found in a staggered arrangement (D5d) as a nonpolar molecule, but the eclipsed (D5h) and twisted (D5) forms exhibit SHG capabilities. The molecular polarizability (α), first-order hyperpolarizabilities (βtot), dipole (μtot), and quadrupole (Q) moments were computed. The NLO efficiency was assessed by the relationship between high (βtot) and low HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The nonlinear optical properties of some new synthesized compounds were evaluated in thin films with nanometric morphology obtained using various methods: Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin films, sol-gel deposition, and layer-by-layer deposition.

Keywords: nonlinear optics, thin films, nanostructures, hybrid materials Langmuir-Blodgett film, layer by layer
