3.3. Postpyrolysis grinding by wet TEMA milling

All the char samples after the pyrolysis were ground by wet TEMA milling using a vibratory disc mill (Tema Machinery Company Ltd., UK). Wet milling is used for the more intensive and efficient properties than dry grinding since it can break the char samples into finer

Figure 3. Illustration of rotary furnace.

particles in the micron and submicron (or nanometer) particle size. Moreover, it has been found that wet milling can cost-effectively create uniformly fine particles with limited or no contamination [45]. The optimum condition for wet TEMA milling was confirmed as 1:1 liquid and solid ratio, 1.5 min grinding time. After the milling process, the wet samples were dried at 105C for 24 h until constant weight.

## 3.4. Char filler characterization
