**2.3. Exploring gaps in existing municipal planning practices and possible improvements using Co-PPGIS**

Exploring and contrasting of existing PPGIS application's performance is essential or helpful in recognizing the functionality gaps between those collaborative PPGIS applications which organized crucial basis for Co-PPGIS requirement analysis and architectural design. **Figure 8** depicts the research gaps in current or existing communication mediums or participation practices found during the literature review and recommended how the Co-PPGIS contributes to the existing practice in order to increase public participation in municipality planning and development projects. It also explains how the approaches in relation to the proposed/ enhanced infrastructure of Co-PPGIS will organize, improve, stimulate, accommodate, and contribute to the existing public participation practices.

Issues and the improvements of these issues through Co-PPGIS are explained in this section. For instance: (1) through or by using Co-PPGIS meeting environment, the issue of inadequate communication, generated due to fixed-time meeting schedules, accessibility issues, lengthy presentations, and open talks with authorities can be accompanied because Co-PPGIS supports anywhere/anytime/anyone accesses with real-time participation support. (2) Through a spatial component of GIS-based platform or through real-time map sharing cooperative component of the Co-PPGIS the issue of inadequate way of investigating spatial data, i.e., using hard copy maps in the meeting sessions because Co-PPGIS increase the degree of public participation along with spatial data investigation during essential meeting sessions. (3) Through meeting scheduling/notifying and/or by the e-newsletter components of Co-PPGIS Blog, the issue of inadequate process of sending notification related to existing municipal

**Figure 8.** Identifying relation between existing participation practices and the suggested Co-PPGIS.

development projects can be self-regulating/self-operating. (4) Information's access associated to a municipality project's level data can facilitate through project information blog which exhibit the existing or future municipal project's notice detail, minutes of the meeting, presentation, document, location, and all valuable information. (5) Through Co-PPGIS, the absence of support to quick decision-making can be encouraged because Co-PPGIS upgrade or improve public participation or input as well as assist scattered decision makers to work coincidentally on a real-time basis to conclude the decision in timely manners, which eventually diminish the time span of planning and probability of failure.

The upcoming sections demonstrate prototypes' execution of the proposed framework to assist its real-time synchronous participatory procedures that exhibit the innovations to be expected when trying to perceive the concepts established in this research.

these input variables and send it to the database for verification. And then, user is moved

Architectural Design and Prototyping of Co-PPGIS: A Groupware-Based Online Synchronous…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80091

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*Service for floor control:* Floor controller is the process which is requested when administrator flicks main toolbars for the purpose to elude the distraction from other attendees during the session of GeoMeeting. The purpose of working behind is that a message is sent through flex service to Blazeds server and shared with other attendees. Once, the IDs of tool bar are collected and stored, i.e., map panning, use of toolbars and scrolling will be flick, and if any participant wants to discuss on the map interface, that user may ask from the moderator by

*Service for member list:* The flex controller saves the user name and sends it into a user list panel which is constructed using flex-based server scripts. When the user signed in or logged in, the

*Chat service:* In flex and PHP languages, chat object is developed. In flex server-side scripts, when a user types in the chat window, it delivers and shares among other users using Blazeds

toward GeoMeeting interface after this process.

**Figure 9.** GeoMeeting components-based services.

widget is shared in html div with other users using Blazeds.

sending a request using JavaScript.

real-time messaging service.
