Acknowledgements

A particular interest from scientific and technological points of view in IFE progress deals with a cryogenic target that could be delivered to the center of reaction chamber at significant rates. Therefore, our study is devoted to the IFE target fabrication with focusing on methods, which provide a high rep-rate and cost-effective target production. The top-level requirements necessary to achieve successful target fabrication and injection deal with target material selecting and

Nuclear Fusion - One Noble Goal and a Variety of Scientific and Technological Challenges

• Target materials must satisfy a wide range of required and desirable characteristics because the optimal microstructural design and material selection do allow one to obtain chemical, physical, and mechanical

structure particularities of the solid structure of fusion fuel.

• Minimization of time and space for all production steps.

techniques to about 1 million targets per day.

3. For survivability of a fuel core (cryogenic layer) those are:

size should be scaled back into the nanometer range).

• Target fabrication capabilities and technologies must take into account the

• Fusion fuel must have an adequate thermal and mechanical stability for their quality survival in the process of target acceleration and delivery to

• Moving targets cooperate all production steps in the FST transmission line that is considered as a potential solution of passing from one-of-a-kind

• Moving targets are the necessary condition for realizing a repeatable target production at required rates and their noncontact delivery at the

• Layers with inherent survival features (fuel layer structuring—the grain

• Multiple target protection methods including: (a) outer protective cryogenic layers, (b) metal coatings of different configurations and compositions, (c) nanocoatings for specific applications, and (d) coinjection of a special protective cover ahead of the target, etc.

For the IFE, all techniques must be integrated into an FST transmission line capable of producing about 1 million targets per day. Therefore, further studies are needed on MM-IFE connected to guide other R&D programs and to predict the behavior of IFE targets during their layering, delivery, and transport through the chamber environment. In addition, the MM-IFE allows reducing the cost of developments because it is intended to test the reactor-scaled technologies and to identify

fuel layer structuring. The following issues are of key importance:

characteristics for specific applications.

1. For target mass-production those are:

the reaction chamber.

laser focus.

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• Noncontact delivery system.

2. For cost-effective target production those are:

This work was supported by the RF State Task of the Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, and by the International Atomic Energy Agency (Research Contracts No. 20344, 11536, 13871).
