2.3. Networking

## 2.3.1. Standard open communication network

Vertical and horizontal integration of automation systems requires a unified network infrastructure to establish a standard open communication network to realize the mutual communication between all devices in the system. In the future, network switching equipment will be more widely used. The application of independent IP enables products and devices to have identifiable independent identities, easy to track, locate, and monitor. In addition, standard communication can integrate more digital devices into the network of production line, such as cameras, RFID readers, digital tablets, safety magnetic cards, and so on, improving the refinement of production management.
