Preface

Biotechnology is a unit of engineering biology that studies ways of using living organisms, their systems, or metabolic products to solve technological problems. Molecular biotechnology explores the possibility of creating living organisms with the necessary properties. Research in the field of molecular biotechnology has made it possible to improve traditional biotechnological production and the quality of food products, and has significantly increased the productivity of living organisms. More than 40 years ago, methods of genetic engineering in molecular biotechnology made it possible to use recombinant DNA and cell cultures in vitro.

In this book, the authors describe the modern trends and progress in biocatalysis and biotechnology. Three chapters cover the use of biocatalytic methods to solve the problems of processing renewable raw materials, the application of hydrolasecatalyzed reactions in organic synthesis, and the use of biocatalytic technologies in pharmaceuticals. The remaining three chapters describe electrochemical techniques for the detection of breast cancer biomarkers, the oxidation and photocatalytic treatment of textile wastewater, and the use of recombinant chitinase A, beta-GlcNAcase, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase for chitin hydrolysis. Overall, the book highlights the versatility of biotechnology and biocatalysis applications in science and industry.

In today's world, molecular biotechnology plays a leading role in processes of genetic engineering and gene editing, using genetically modified organisms in pharmacology, agriculture, biodegradation, and scientific research. The authors of the book address the application of molecular biotechnology in science and industry, diagnostics and therapy. This book will be of interest to researchers, students, and specialists in various fields of biological engineering.

> **Dr. Sergey Sedykh, Ph. D. in Biochemistry** Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation

Section 1

Biocatalysis

**1**

Section 1 Biocatalysis

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

**3**

Heterogeneous Biocatalysts for the

Final Stages of Deep Processing of

Heterogeneous biocatalysis is a part of biotechnology and it has commercial potential for industrial implementation, in particular the final stages of deep processing of renewable raw materials. The commercially attractive heterogeneous biocatalysts are prepared by immobilizing practically valuable enzymatic active substances onto solid inorganic supports. Heterogeneous biocatalytic processes of the target conversion of substrate into valuable market product are carried out in periodic or continuous modes using traditional batch and packed-bed reactors, as well as novel types of vortex reactors in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. Heterogeneous biocatalysts for the final stages of deep processing of vegetable raw materials such as starch and oils are described here. One of the biocatalysts is glucoamylase immobilized by adsorption on mesoporous carbon support Sibunit™ type. This glucoamylase-active biocatalyst is used at the stage of starch saccharification, i.e., hydrolysis of dextrin to treacle and glucose syrups used in food and confectionary industries. The second of the biocatalysts is recombinant

*T. lanuginosus* lipase immobilized on mesoporous silica KSK™ type and

operational stability are promising for practical implementation.

biocatalysts, starch saccharification, esterification of fatty acids

pete with traditional organic synthesis catalysts, and they are used in lowtemperature processes carried out in unconventional anhydrous media such as interesterification of vegetable oils' triglycerides with ethyl acetate for producing ethyl esters of fatty acids (biodiesel and vitamin F) and esterification of fatty acids with aliphatic alcohols for synthesis of various esters used as fragrances, flavorings, odors, emollients, and nonionic surfactants in perfume and cosmetics industries. The prepared heterogeneous biocatalysts due to their high enzymatic activity and

macroporous carbon aerogel. These lipase-active biocatalysts can effectively com-

**Keywords:** glucoamylase immobilized on mesoporous carbon, recombinant lipase immobilized on mesoporous silica and macroporous carbon aerogel, heterogeneous

Biocatalysis is a part of biotechnology that is inherently interdisciplinary and comprehensive, and its achievements are determined by the state of art in the fields

Renewable Resources into

*Galina Kovalenko and Larisa Perminova*

Valuable Products
