**5. Conclusions and perspectives**

Attributed to the importance of DNWs, several efforts have been driven by experts to apply in diverse semiconductor and biological applications. In this way, those DNWs were effectively developed through different methods such as reactive-ion etching, chemical vapor deposition, from sp2 carbon and sp3 diamondoids and wet chemical route. Among them, the template-assisted synthesis of DNWs seems to be impressive to produce highly precise nanostructures. On the other hand, the cost-effective wet chemical route still remains a challenging task in terms of reproducibility and obtaining the unique structures. From experimental and theoretical studies, it has been found that DNWs have the exceptional structural, mechanical, thermal conductivity, electronic and electrochemical properties. However, structural studies on hybrid G-DNWs require exclusive focus for future applications. Subsequently, those DNWs also possess the unique applications such as EFE device, high-performance NEM switches, conductivity and electrochemical biosensor and so on. However, with respect to practicality, those applications remain unsatisfied. For instance, the reported DNW-based electrochemical biomolecules monitoring was affected by its stability; hence, still it is a challenging task to fabricate the DNW-based device for real-time continuous determination.

So far, except the wet chemical route, the reported synthetic techniques for DNWs are costly, and hence their development is still a challenging task. Therefore, much effort needed to develop the DNWs at large scale, which can be attained by the collaboration of diverse technical fields such as electro-biochemistry, nanoelectronics and analytical techniques, etc. For example, attempts are needed to develop hybrid G-DNWs by the association of CVD and wet chemical pathways. Such investigations may direct the DNWs toward diverse opto-electronic applications.
