**Acknowledgements**

*Textile Industry and Environment*

short to compose a pill in card waste.

obtained when using the blowroom waste.

**4. Conclusions**

Air permeability (l/m2

*Significant for α = 0.05.*

*\**

**Table 4.**

*properties.*

Fabric pilling values show that blowroom and fabric wastes containing fabrics have more pilling. Fabrics produced with card waste have a lower pilling degree and higher short fiber content but lower short fiber length. Probably, short fibers are too

*The results of variance analysis of the effects of different waste types and waste ratio on yarn and fabric* 

**Significance (p) Significance (p) Waste/virgin cotton ratio Cotton waste type**

/s) 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.014\* 0.200 0.001\* 0.472

Yarn evenness (CV%) 0.541 0.541 0.541 0.160 0.478 0.806 0.998 Thin (−50%) 0.008\* 0.008\* 0.008\* 0.117 0.460 0.838 0.086 Thick places (+50%) 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.001\* 0.087 0.700 0.005\* Nep values (+280%) 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.034\* 0.011\* 0.780 0.120 Yarn hairiness (H) 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.001\* 0.001\* Yarn tenacity (cN/tex) 0.874 0.020\* 0.002\* 0.028\* 0.000\* 0.788 0.009\* Elongation at break (%) 0.013\* 0.001\* 0.321 0.026\* 0.225 0.331 0.042\* Fabric thickness (mm) 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.000\* 0.063 0.383 0.488 0.039\* Bursting strength (kPa) 0.014\* 0.237 0.030\* 0.035\* 0.021\* 0.194 0.029\*

**10/90 30/70 50/50 Blowroom Card Sliver Fabric**

In this study, the waste of yarn spinning mill and recycled cotton fiber from fabric waste were blended different blending ratios (10, 30, and 50%) with virgin cotton fiber. Ne 20/1 cotton open-end yarns were produced from these blends. The yarn physical properties of these yarns were tested. The effects of waste ratio and waste type on yarn properties were investigated. According to the test results, the dirty waste (blowroom waste and card waste) used in this study showed a different tendency from the clean waste (sliver waste and fabric waste fiber). The blowroom and card waste occurred during the cleaning of the fibers. They contain too much short fibers and vegetable matters. Especially, card waste contains the shortest fibers used in this study. For this reason, the yarn hairiness values are greater than the others. Besides, the yarn tenacity containing 50% card waste was lower than the others. However, in case of the use of blowroom waste, the number of thick places and the number of nep were found greater than the others. On the other hand, the content of the blowroom waste in the yarns has not influenced the yarn properties except for thick places and nep values up to ratio of 30%. When fibers recycled from the fabric have been used, it has been seen that the results are similar to those

Fabric thickness, bursting strength, air permeability, and pilling values of fabrics were tested. When the results are examined, the use of blowroom waste up to 30% in the fabric has not affected the bursting strength adversely. However, when the ratio increased to 50%, the bursting strength decreased. When card waste was used, the values of bursting strength decreased as the waste rate increased. For the bursting strength values, it can be said that it is possible to blend up to 50% of

**62**

This research is supported by a project (Project no: 15-TKAUM-002) from Ege University Textile and Apparel Research and Application Center.

Photos of wastes and machines in **Figure 2** were taken by the authors in a Turkish spinning mill.
