**4. Bartini's work in other fields of creation**

In today's Russia, Robert Ludvigovich Bartini is described as a misunderstood genius whose ideas were ahead of his time, comparing him with Nikola Tesla. He is

#### *Red Wings Proposed by Robert Bartini for Sustainable Aviation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85032*

portrayed as the aircraft designer, physicist, astronomer, philosopher, painter, musician, and polyglot (he spoke seven languages and read nine).

He cooperated many times in his life with Sergei Korolev. When Sergei Korolev was appointed as the head of the Russian space program, he requested Robert Bartini as his mentor twice. Before this, Korolev often called Bartini his teacher. Firstly, Bartini was a head of Korolev for the first time before the Second World War, when he worked in Bartini's design bureau. Secondly, they cooperated in captivity (sharaska) when Bartini developed the rocket interceptor P-114. Sergei Korolev personally took care at the Soviet authorities about Bartini's project of the supersonic strategic bomber A-57. Korolev and Bartini also worked together on solutions to increase the range of the Myasishchev M-4 strategic bomber. Neither the presence nor the role of Bartini in advising the Soviet space program is yet fully known. In the last years of his life, he was primarily engaged in the exploration in physics, cosmology, and philosophy.

Bartini always tried to encourage innovative solutions. He gave an interesting answer to the question about what to do if the class filled with young professionals is given a problem, which should be solved in an innovative way. "Class must be extended," he responded. This means that many experts with their ideas from different fields of activity are more capable to get a better solution. Bartini was considering formulating mathematical method or model to determine the success of the idea or the patent. He developed a method AND-AND, which was based on recognized search solutions, which had already been used and therefore could predict the success of a given patent/idea for a new problem. He developed the method already in the 1930s, and it was called a method for the detection of talents. A similar but more general method was developed over 20 years later by Genrich Altshuller, who became famous with the TRIZ method. TRIZ method was spread to Western countries with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and is now quite well known.

The whole time of working in the Soviet Union, Bartini was solving problems in aerodynamics in a special way. He said that mathematics was the most exact science, and there was no doubt in it, whereas physics is derived science and the physical findings change over the centuries. He most doubted about physical constants, which he considered to be dependent of the specific "time and space." In 1965, he published an article on this subject, entitled "The relation between physical constants" [9]. The English version of the article was published in 2005 [10]. He claimed that the universe takes the form of six-dimensional torus—three dimensions of space and three dimensions of time. Dimensions of time include the first dimension as a length of time (the duration of the existence of the object), the second dimension of time as the width of time (number of cases/copies/images of body (parallel worlds)), and the third dimension as height of time (the speed of time is different in each of the worlds) (**Figure 10**).

**Figure 10.** *Graphic presentation of the six-dimensional universe (Original Bartini's sketch). Source: Maslov [11].*

Bartini imagined a vehicle with greater utilization of ground effect, which could

be used at high speed in transcontinental freight and passenger transport. Such ekranoplans would be more efficient than today's airplanes; they could transport more passengers and cargo and could actually still work in "friendlier" environment

*Model of the future transport system (magnitoplan or ekranohod). Source: On Accasion of 110th Jubilee of*

*Model of the WIG aircraft carrier and ekranoplan T-500. Source: Slavin [8].*

*Environmental Impact of Aviation and Sustainable Solutions*

Bartini's design of WIG vehicles is probably the most efficient because the catamaran design with an open space between the floats, which accumulates com-

He continued with his ideas and designed an ekranoplan with weight of 2500 and 5000 tons, serving as an aircraft carrier and operating at speeds of 500 km/h. In such high speeds, aircrafts do not need a long runway for takeoff from the aircraft carriers. Aircraft carrier would travel at the same speed as the airplane (**Figure 8**). Bartini was also considering quick continental transport. In the 1960s, he imagined a monorail vehicle traveling at high speed. Its performance is based on the compressed air such as hovercraft (ekranohod) [3] or on magnetic levitation (magnitoplan) [1]. The project was presented to the minister of transport B.P. Beschev and was also approved, but never realized. Bartini constructed additional aerodynamic surfaces at the sides of the vehicle to increase the lift or to control the

In today's Russia, Robert Ludvigovich Bartini is described as a misunderstood genius whose ideas were ahead of his time, comparing him with Nikola Tesla. He is

such as height above 10 km (**Figure 7**).

correct distance of vehicle from the track (**Figure 9**).

**4. Bartini's work in other fields of creation**

pressed air, provides additional lift.

**Figure 8.**

**Figure 9.**

**200**

*Robert Bartini [4].*

The six-dimensional universe by Bartini is parallel streaming of times [1]. Of course, such revolutionary ideas caused him great problems, and they did not want to publish his article (he basically was not a physicist and was quite unknown in the world of science). However, Bruno Pontecorvo advocated for Robert Bartini and his article. Bartini gave to this article great importance; he signed as the author with the full name Robert Oros di Bartini [12]. It is interesting that the article even promised the proof of author's theory, but he soon died. Bartini used this physical theory to deal with his aerodynamic problems and came to excellent solutions. What is more, Bartini developed an entire philosophy on his physical theory of time. Therefore, his six-dimensional universe was named Bartini's universe. The second part of the article presents a table, a kind of periodic system of physical quantities expressed with the potentials of time and space, which Bartini developed together with Kuznetsov [13]. The most interesting part of this table is that some parts were an introduction into unpublished physical quantities such as the surface of time and the volume of time [14].

**5. About the origin of the Robert Bartini**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85032*

*Red Wings Proposed by Robert Bartini for Sustainable Aviation*

science (chemistry, biology), music, and foreign languages.

was questioned in 1938 when he was imprisoned.

**203**

It is still quite unclear today where exactly was Robert Bartini from and who exactly his parents were. The official version from his biography in the book of Igor Chutko from 1978 [3] is that he spent his youth in Fiume and his father was vicegovernor of Fiume Baron Lodovico Oros di Bartini, one of the richest and most distinguished people of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His mother was a young barely 17-year-old girl, an orphan, who had an origin in a poor and impoverished Hungarian noble family from Miskolc. When she gave birth to her son, they told her that the baby died at birth, which was not true. In fact, Robert was secretly sent to a peasant family. The young woman did not believe and 6 months later she found her son. She wanted to show him to his father, the young Lodovico. However, when she came to Fiume with a child, she found out that her boyfriend had already married. She returned home at night, left her son and drowned at dawn. The child was again given to the same farmer family. Later, the farmer who adopted the child went to work as a head farmer at the residence of the vice-governor Lodovico Bartini, the child's father. His wife Paola could not have children, and she wanted to adopt the young 3-year-old Robert, but then the gardener suddenly escaped with a child. She was persistent, so she hired a detective and realized that the child's father was her husband. Later they adopted the child and raised him with all the love. Robert had his own teacher at home, family doctor Dr. Baltazar, who taught him natural

However, researchers Olga and Sergei Buzinovsky discovered that this story has shortcomings. They wrote three books about Bartini after the fall of the communist system [1, 2]. They found that Bartini himself mentioned that his real mother's surname was Fersel (Fertsel), his real father was Austrian Baron Formaha, and he was born in Kanjiza. This information was obtained by the NKVD from Bartini, who

In their research, they got help with data from the Embassy of Croatia in Moscow and the workers of the city archives in Rijeka [2]. The director of the archive Goran Crnković reported that in September 1912, Russian pilot Chariton Slavorossov really flew in Fiume. It is possible that the famous pilot and young Robert Bartini actually met as stated in the biography [3]. However, the vicegovernor until 1902 was Francesco Vio, who was then appointed as the Governor and vice-governor became Andrea Bellen. Information about people named Bartini, Formaha, and Fersel was not found in the archive, but they found another trail. Near Fiume there was the estate of Baron Phillippe (Fülöp) Orosdy, Italian born, large landowner, and deputy of the upper house of the Hungarian Parliament. The Baron was also in the list of honorary members of the Hungarian Aero Club. He had a brother Lajos (Italian, Ludovico; German, Ludwig) in Budapest. So who was the father of Robert? Is it Baron Phillippe or his brother Lajos? Probably Lajos, because Robert was bearing his name (Robert Ludvigovich Bartini). He spent his youth with his uncle in Rijeka and probably attended high school (gymnasium) in Budapest and lived there with his father. This is most likely so, because when Robert Bartini was in sharaska, in 1939, Karl Szilard recognized him there. Karl was a distant relative of the nuclear physicist Leo Szilard [16]. It turned out that as a child Robert Bartini was sitting at a desk in the classroom with Leo Szilard, famous physicist [2]. Another researcher is Giuseppe di Ciampaglia, who wrote a book *La vita e gli aerei di Roberto Bartini* [17]. In 2015 [14], he wrote that Robert Bartini was the adoptive (and perhaps natural) son of Lajos Orosdy, the captain of the Hungarian border police in Fiume, later the doctor and the advisor of the governor. He moved to Rome after the annexation to Italy. The restless but excellent high school student

Bartini drew pictures in his lifetime; some were on the walls of his apartment for his well-being and better concentration at work. He had three children, two sons and a daughter and three grandchildren [15]. The first son Gero was a climber and died in 1959; the second son Vladimir lives in Taganrog and is an engineer. In 1967, Bartini got the Order of Lenin for his life achievements. In 1957, he got the Order of October Revolution.

Quite speculative and almost incredible or unbelievable but very interesting claims or mysterious stories appeared about the life and work of Robert Bartini in Russia [2]:

