**Acknowledgements**

The bright future of green IoT will change our future environment to become healthy, green, very high QoS, and sustainable socially, environmentally, and economically. Recently, the most exciting areas have focused on greening things such as green design and implementations, green communication and networking, integrated RFIDs and sensor networks, green IoT services and applications, energy-saving strategies, mobility and network management, smart objects, the cooperation of homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, and green localization. The following research fields need to be researched to develop optimal and efficient solutions for greening IoT:

**1.** There is a need for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to replace a massive number of IoT devices, especially in agriculture, traffic and monitoring, which will help to reduce power consumption and pollution. UAV is a promising technology that will lead to green IoT

**2.** Transmission data from the sensor to the mobile cloud must be more useful. Sensor-cloud is integrating the wireless sensor network and mobile cloud. It is a very hot and promising technology for greening IoT. A green social network such as a service (SNaaS) may investi-

**3.** M2M communication plays a critical role to reduce energy use and hazardous emissions. Smart machines must be smarter to enable automated systems. Machine automation delay

**4.** Design Green IoT may be introduced from two perspectives which are achieving excellent performance and high QoS. Finding suitable techniques for enhancing QoS parameters (i.e., bandwidth, delay, and throughput) will contribute effectively and efficiently to

**5.** While going toward greening IoT, it will be required to use less energy, looking for new resources, minimizing IoT's negative impact on the health of humans and disturbance to the environment. Then, green IoT can contribute significantly to sustainable, smart, and

**6.** To achieve energy-balancing for supporting green communication between IoT devices,

**7.** More research is needed to develop the design of IoT devices which helps to reduce CO<sup>2</sup> emission and energy usage. The critical task for smart and green environmental life is sav-

In this chapter, the overview and benefits of IoT on telecommunication networks and their challenges were introduced to know how to improve our life and society by building smart IoT systems. In addition, the concept of green IoT and its related services and applications were described in detail. Finally, many research fields, which are needed to develop optimal

emission.

the radio frequency energy harvest should be taken into consideration.

gate the energy efficiency of the system, service, WSN, and cloud management.

must be minimized in case of traffic and taking necessary and immediate action.

with low cost and high efficiency.

118 Telecommunication Networks - Trends and Developments

greening IoT.

**7. Conclusion**

green environment.

ing energy and decreasing the CO<sup>2</sup>

and efficient solutions for greening IoT, were introduced.

This research was supported by the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. In addition, it was partially supported by King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. I thank both of them for providing guidance to finish this research. I also thank IntechOpen Limited for giving the opportunity for publishing this research work as a book chapter in Telecommunications Networks.
