**5.2. Cost-effective cloud-based applications**

Cost-effective, flexible, and secure cloud-based applications can transform a smart environment into a decision-making platform by collecting data from the environment and transferring them to the cloud through IoT. The key tasks performed in the cloud server are the analysis of these collected data, decision-making, and prediction of environment parameters.

## **5.3. New business models**

and minimize power consumption [65]. Also, green IoT in [66] is defined as "the study and practice of designing, using, manufacturing, and disposing of servers, computers, and associated subsystems such as monitors, storage devices, printers, and communication network systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment." There are three concepts for achieving green IoT, namely, design technologies, leverage technologies, and enabling technologies. Design technologies refer to the energy efficiency of devices, communication protocols, network architectures, and interconnections. Leverage technologies refer to cutting carbon emissions and enhancing energy efficiency. Due to green ICT technologies, green IoT has become more efficient through reducing energy, hazardous emissions, resources consumption, and pollution. Consequently, green IoT leads to preserving natural resources, minimizing technology's impact on the environment and human health, and reducing the cost significantly. Therefore, green IoT is indeed focusing on green manufacturing, green utilization, green design, and green disposal [67]. These

**1. Green use**: minimizing power consumption of computers and other information systems

**2. Green design**: designing energy efficient for green IoT sound components, computers, and

**3. Green disposal**: refurbishing and reusing old computers and recycling unwanted comput-

**4. Green manufacturing**: producing electronic components and computers and other associ-

as well as using them in an environmentally sound manner.

ated subsystems with minimal or no impact on the environment.

issues are described as follows.

**Figure 5.** Green IoT environments.

116 Telecommunication Networks - Trends and Developments

servers, and cooling equipment.

ers and other electronic equipment.

IoT gives companies the ability to build new business models and revenue streams that can create many new business opportunities. IoT has the capability to change the way consumers and businesses follow the world. Therefore, consumers and businesses will require new services that can assist them to explore this ultra-connected, changing landscape. In addition, IoT can enable companies to create new revenue streams and services on top of traditional services, for example, vending machine vendors offering inventory management to those who supply the goods in the machine.
