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## Meet the editor

Dr. Gemma Aiello was born in Aversa (CE), Italy, on October 24, 1964. In 1989, she graduated in Geological Sciences at the University of Naples "Federico II." In 1993, she earned a PhD degree in Sedimentary Geology at the University of Naples "Federico II," Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geological Sciences. She completed a 2-year postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Naples "Federico II," and a CNR-CEE fellowship and several

contracts at the Research Institute "Geomare Sud," CNR, Naples, Italy. Since 1998, she has been a full-time researcher at the Italian CNR. Dr. Aiello has 25 years of experience in the field of sedimentary geology, marine geology, and geophysics, participating in different research projects of the Italian National Research Council (CARG, Vector, Centri Regionali di Competenza). She was a contract professor of sedimentology and stratigraphy at the Parthenope University of Naples, Italy, and a teacher in formation courses for technicians in marine science and engineering in Naples, Italy.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Gemma Aiello*

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

the SE Pyrenees *by Valenti Turu*

**Preface III**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

 

Facies Analysis and Paleoecology **17**

**Chapter 2 19** Paleoecology and Sedimentary Environments of the Oligo-Miocene Deposits

Chemostratigraphy **35**

**Chapter 3 37**

Chronostratigraphy **61**

**Chapter 4 63**

Chemostratigraphy of Paleozoic Carbonates in the Western Belt (Peninsular

High Resolution Chronostratigraphy from an Ice-Dammed Palaeo-Lake in Andorra: MIS 2 Atlantic and Mediterranean Palaeo-Climate Inferences over

Introductory Chapter: An Introduction to the Stratigraphic Setting of Paleozoic to Miocene Deposits Based on Paleoecology, Facies Analysis, Chemostratigraphy, and Chronostratigraphy - Concepts and Meanings

of the Asmari Formation (Qeshm Island, SE Persian Gulf)

*by Seyed Hadi Sajadi and Roya Fanati Rashidi*

Malaysia): A Case Study on the Kinta Limestone

*by Haylay Tsegab and Chow Weng Sum*

## Contents


Preface

This book contains four chapters dealing with the investigation of facies analysis and paleoecology, chemostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy referring to paleoecological and facies analysis techniques and methodologies. The chapters pertain in particular to an Oligo-Miocene carbonate succession of the Persian Gulf (Asmari Formation), the chemostratigraphy of Paleozoic carbonates of Peninsular Malaysia through the integration of stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and geochemical data, and the chronostratigraphy of a small ice-dammed paleolake in Andorra (Spain), applying fast Fourier transform analysis, resulting in 6th-order stratigraphic cycles, which have outlined the occurrence of system tracts and unconformities controlled by glacio-eustasy. The chapters are separated into four main sections: (1) introduction; (2) facies analysis and paleoecology; (3) chemostratigraphy; and (4) chronostratigraphy. There is one chapter in the first section, introducing the stratigraphic setting of Paleozoic to Miocene deposits based on different stratigraphic methodologies, including facies analysis, paleoecology, chemostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy. In the second section, there is one chapter dealing with the Oligocene-Miocene Asmari Formation, allowing for the recognition of several depositional environments based on sedimentological analysis, distribution of foraminifera, and micropaleontological study. In the third section, there is one chapter aimed at addressing research on the chemostratigraphy of cores, allowing for a significant increase in the stratigraphic knowledge existing on the Kinta Valley (Malaysia), coupled with extensive field work on Paleozoic carbonates. In the fourth section, there is a chapter dealing with the high-resolution chronostratigraphic setting of a paleolake located in Andorra (Spain) and the inference with the MIS2 isotopic stage of Atlantic and Mediterranean regions

in the regional geological setting of the southeastern Pyrenees.

This chapter introduces the stratigraphic setting of Paleozoic to Miocene deposits based on different stratigraphic methodologies, including facies analysis, paleoecology, chemostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy, applied in this book. Concepts and methods of facies analysis and paleoecology are discussed. Chemostratigraphy, a relatively young discipline in the field of stratigraphy, has been defined, coupled with recent attempts for its formalization in stratigraphy. The definitions of chronostratigraphy and geochronology, deeply revised in recent stratigraphic literature,

The second chapter, "Paleoecology and Sedimentary Environments of the Oligo-Miocene Deposits of the Asmari Formation (Qeshm Island, SE Persian Gulf)" by Seyed Hadi Sajadi and Roya Fanati Rashidi, improves the geological knowledge of the Oligocene-Miocene Asmari Formation, allowing for the recognition of several depositional environments based on sedimentological analysis, distribution of

**Introductory chapter**

are further clarified.

**Facies analysis and paleoecology**

foraminifera, and micropaleontological study.
