Meet the editors

Serdar Küçük obtained BA and MSc degrees from Marmara University (Istanbul, Turkey) in 1995 and 1998, respectively. He obtained his PhD from Kocaeli University (Kocaeli, Turkey) in 2004. He is currently working as a full professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Kocaeli University. He has several scientific publications including international conference papers, journal papers, books, and book chapters. He serves as

a reviewer for several well-known robotic journals. He has also edited scientific books. Dr. Kucuk's research interests include optimization, control, kinematics, and dynamics modelling of serial and parallel robotic manipulators. Lately he has also been interested in designing electrically controlled above-knee prosthetics and hand-wrist rehabilitation robots, surgical robots, and biomedical devices.

Prof. Canda was born in Izmir, Turkey in 1974. He graduated from Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, and completed his residency at Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Izmir, Turkey. During his residency, Dr. Canda spent two months in the Department of Urology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, for uro-oncological training. He had clinical and research fellowships at the

University of Sheffield, Department of Biomedical Sciences; the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Department of Urology; and the Bristol Urological Institute at Southmead Hospital. He also had a three-month fellowship in Laparoscopic Urology at the University of Heidelberg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Department of Urology, Heilbronn, Germany. Between 2008 and 2018, he worked at Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital and Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University in academic positions. Since 2018, he has been working at Koç University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. His main interest is robotic urology, and he has been performing robotic urology since 2009. He has personal experience with and exposure to more than 1000 robotic urological surgical cases. He has particular expertise in robotic prostate cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer surgeries. He is an editorial board member of *European Urology*, the Videourology section editor for *Central European Journal of Urology*, editor of *European Medical Journal-Urology*, and editorial board member of *Robotic Surgery Research and Reviews*. He is a board member of the European Association of Urology (EAU) Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) and previously served as a junior-ERUS board member. He is a reviewer for many international, peer-reviewed scientific journals. He has published many international and national papers, particularly on robotic urology. He has received many awards for presentations during congresses on robotic urology.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

*and Yoshifumi Morita*

Neurorehabilitation Training

*Roberta Virgilio and Katiuscia Sacco*

A Case Study of a Spine Surgery

*by Serdar Kucuk*

**Preface III**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Medical Devices **9**

**Chapter 2 11** CFD Analysis of Flow Characteristics in a Jet Laryngoscope and the Different

Rehabilitation **29**

**Chapter 3 31** Application of a Robotic Rehabilitation Training System for Recovery of Severe

**Chapter 4 43**

Surgical Planning **63**

**Chapter 5 65**

Introductory Chapter: Medical Robots in Surgery and Rehabilitation

*by Alexander Aloy, Simon Hell, Andreas Nowak and Matthaeus Grasl*

*by Hirofumi Tanabe, Munehiro Ikuta, Toshimasa Mikawa, Akihiko Kondo* 

An Active Exoskeleton Called P.I.G.R.O. Designed for Unloaded Robotic

*Silvia Appendino, Giuliano Carlo Geminiani, Elisabetta Geda, Marina Zettin,* 

Surgical Planning and Additive Manufacturing of an Anatomical Model:

*by Levent Aydin, Ozgur Cakir, Riza Dilek and Mucahit Ege*

*by Guido Belforte, Terenziano Raparelli, Gabriella Eula, Silvia Sirolli,* 

Application Forms of Superimposed Jet Ventilation

Plegie Hand Motor Function after a Stroke

## Contents



Preface

Two or three decades ago, robots were considered science fiction. They performed several fantastic tasks only in the movies. Robotic technology has developed very quickly and what was once considered "science fiction" has now become reality. Nowadays robots can execute several kinds of different tasks in factories and are used to manage vital operations in hospitals. Robotic systems have evolved to such a point that they can work together with humans in factories, hospitals, and other organizations. Humans sometimes worry that in the future robots may take

Robotic manipulators are used in both industry and medicine. In industry, robots are used for several tasks such as painting, welding, gluing, spraying, and so on. They are used in industry because they present several advantages like reduced manufacturing time, consistent accuracy, and very high product quality. Robots are also used in medicine for several purposes. Surgery and rehabilitation are two major areas in which robots are extensively employed. Surgical robots are preferred since they present better results compared to traditional methods, such as decreased blood loss, less requirement of blood transfusion, decreased rate of complications, smaller incisions, higher accuracy, and lesser recovery time. Although the history of surgical robots is very short compared to the history of surgery, thousands of surgical robots have been installed at hospitals worldwide, and hundreds of thousands of people have been treated by them. The present state of surgical robotics amazes both medical specialists and patients and therefore it is worth it to follow up with new designs and approaches of surgical robots and instruments in the future. Rehabilitation robots are especially used for assisting different types of sensorimotor functions in the arms, hands, and legs. It has been shown that patients are becoming more familiar and comfortable with rehabilitation robots as the technology presents better opportunities and devices every day. Each year several new robotic designs are developed for assisting individuals from children to the elderly. This book critically examines the development and historical evolution of

medical robotics with a particular focus on urologic robotic surgery.

I would like to thank all authors who have contributed chapters with their valuable novel ideas and their knowledge on current developments about medical robotics

> **Serdar Küçük, PhD** Full Professor, Kocaeli University, Technology Faculty,

> > Turkey

Department of Biomedical Engineering,

their jobs.

and instruments.
