Meet the editors

Dr. Zheng-Ming Huang is a professor at the School of Aerospace Engineering & Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, China. He is known for his unified elastic-plastic constitutive theory and the bridging model for composites. He has found that the homogenized stresses in the constituents of a composite obtained by any micromechanics theory must be converted into true values before the effective property, specifically failure and strength

behavior, can be determined from the monolithic constituent properties. He has established a systematic theory to accomplish the conversion. Challenging issues such as when the interface debonding occurs between the constituents of a composite subjected to any load have been addressed using his theories. He is the author/ co-author of more than 200 papers, 4 books, 7 book chapters, and 22 patents. One of his papers has received more than 5,000 citations in Web of Science.

Dr Sayed Hemeda is a Doctor of the Civil Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. He currently occupies the position of Professor of Geotechnical Engineering and Architectural Preservation of Architectural Heritage, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Egypt. He is also the vice manager of the Historic Buildings Conservation Center in Cairo University.

He was awarded the Cairo University's prize of scientific excellence in 2017 and the Cairo University's prize of encouragement in 2014. Furthermore, he was awarded the Cairo University's prize for the best Ph.D Thesis, 2009-2010 and was awarded the General Union of Arab Archaeologists prize for academic excellence. He has published approximately 75 articles, including 21 books and has been cited approximately 120 times.

He has given over 38 invited lectures in 16 countries. His interests are primarily in geotechnical engineering for architectural heritage preservation, as well as engineering data analysis, including pattern recognition as applied to primarily analytical data from various sources including objects of cultural significance.

He is the Editor-In-Chief of the Journal of Geological Research, an Editorial Board Member of the Sustainable Civil Infrastructures book series published by Springer Nature, an Editorial Board Member at IntechOpen, an Editorial Board Member of the Progress of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in Singapore, an Editorial Board Member ofn the Geoscience Journal in Singapore and an Editorial Board Member of the Alexandria Engineering Journal.

Contents

and Cause Theory *by Qingshan Feng*

*by Alireza Khalifeh*

*by Zheng-Ming Huang*

*by Alireda Aljaroudi*

*by Kenneth C. Crawford*

Thermography

*by Dongfeng He*

Introductory Chapter: Failures Analysis *by Zheng-Ming Huang and Sayed Hemeda*

Stress Corrosion Cracking Damages

Probabilistic Modeling of Failure

*Alexander I. Tyurin and Yuri I. Golovin*

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 5** Pipeline Failure Cause Theory: A New Accident Characteristics, Quantification,

**Chapter 3 25**

**Chapter 4 43**

**Chapter 5 85**

**Chapter 6 111**

**Chapter 7 125** Temperature Diffusivity Measurement and Nondestructive Testing Requiring No Extensive Sample Preparation and Using Stepwise Point Heating and IR

**Chapter 8 151**

Micromechanical Failure Analysis of Unidirectional Composites

NDT Methods for Evaluating FRP-Concrete Bond Performance

*by Dmitry Yu. Golovin, Alexander G. Divin, Alexander A. Samodurov,* 

Evaluation of Steel Rebar in Concrete Using Electromagnetic Method

## Contents


Preface

Failure of a material or structure is one of the oldest topics that engineers and researchers have to deal with. Traditionally, failure is related to an ultimate load sustaining ability of the material or structure, as taught in an elementary Strength of Materials textbook. Nowadays, the definition of failure has been extended from the traditional narrow sense to a much broader sense. Any expected function of a

material or structure that cannot be fulfilled is considered to have failed.

from the traditional accident assessment.

the effect of the corrosive environments.

failure analysis are also shown.

This book brings together a small collection of chapters but covers a broad range of failures. Following the Introductory chapter, the second chapter presents the accident of a pipeline for oil or gas transportation, which can be considered as, in the broadest sense, failure of the pipeline. Any leakage will cause the pipeline to cease its transportation function, although the structure of the pipeline may not be damaged from a traditional viewpoint. A cause theory for the pipeline failure is described in the chapter, and a probable model for statistical analysis for the accident is given. Fragility, anti-fragility, and integrity are used as indexes to indicate the state of accident, providing a new way to assess an accident, which is different

The third chapter deals with a stress corrosion cracking (SCC) failure that occurs only in metals or alloys. Three factors are necessary for this kind of failure to take place. One is a susceptible material, the second is a corrosive environment, and the third is a tensile stress generated in the material. Design of a structure with the occurrence of a SCC is generally based on or checked with fracture mechanics methodology, and the measured fracture toughness of a material must incorporate

In the fourth chapter, the traditional and probably narrowest sense of failure is addressed. These failures are not all well understood. Composite failures present great challenges to engineers and academic researchers. This chapter focuses on the failure analysis of a unidirectional composite based on an innovative concept of true stresses. The internal stresses in its constituent fiber and matrix are determined using a micromechanics theory. It is noted that these stresses are homogenized quantities. They must be converted into true values before a failure detection can be made against the strengths of the constituents. Once a constituent has failed, the composite is considered to have attained a failure status. How to convert the homog-

While the first three chapters treat the failures of materials and structures with deterministic methods, a probabilistic technique for failure analysis is explained in the fifth chapter. In general, deterministic techniques ignore the variability and uncertainties of the variables in a failure analysis. Contrastingly, probabilistic techniques incorporate the variability and uncertainties in the analysis. In this chapter, the commonly used probabilistic failure analysis techniques and their mathematical derivations are presented. Examples to enhance the understanding of the concept of

enized stresses into true quantities is illustrated in the chapter.
