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## Meet the editors

Dr. Alejandro Rodríguez Pascual is a professor in the Chemical Engineering Area at the Universidad de Córdoba. His research-line focused on the integral use of the different fractions of the lignocellulosic materials; cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. More than 100 indexed articles published, >80 International Congresses, co-authored 3 books, 2 book chapters and edited 1. Supervisor of 9 doctoral theses, currently supervising

2. He collaborates with several Spanish and international research groups. Member of the Ibero-American Network for Research on Pulp and Paper and coordinator of a research group made in Provalor and Nanocelia (both CYTED thematic network). Member of several Scientific Committees in international congresses. President of the Organizing Committee of the 1st and 2nd Int. Workshop on Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Materials. He is an expert evaluator in: European Research Agency (REA) on FP7-SME 2012 and 2013, and H2020-BBI-PPP-2015.2.1. FET-OPEN 2019; ANEP (General Directorate of Scientific and Technical Research), Spain 2014, Torres Quevedo program; Ministry of Economy, Spain "Retos" 2015 and 2018; Fondazione Cariplo, Italy, 2015; Tec21, France, 2014; SGS enterprise, Spain 2016-2017; Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding, Romania, 2016-2017, 2019. He is also a member of Editorial Boards of several journals and peer-reviewer of Q1 and Q2 journals.

María E. Eugenio Martín is a tenured scientist at INIA-CIFOR. Her research focused on the application of biotechnology to the pulp and paper industry using different raw materials, and in biorefineries of lignocellulosic materials to produce mainly bioethanol, nanofibrillated cellulose, biodegradable grasses, asphalts, graphene, etc. She has completed her training in these fields at EFPG (France), KTH (Sweden) and at the University

of California (Irvine). She has been the main researcher of various projects from which two patents have been granted, and is currently the main researcher of projects P2018/EMT-4348 SUSTEC-CM and RTI2018-096080-B-C22. She is the author of more than 70 scientific articles and has participated in more than 50 national and international congresses.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Preface III**

Reviews **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 15**

Structure **41**

**Chapter 3 43**

**Chapter 4 59**

Applications **81**

**Chapter 5 83**

**Chapter 6 105** Multi-Finishing of Polyester and Polyester Cotton Blend Fabrics Activated by

*by Praveen Kumar Gupta, Shreeya Sai Raghunath, Deepali Venkatesh Prasanna,* 

*by Daniel Inman, Emily Newes, Brian Bush, Laura Vimmerstedt and Steve Peterson*

Alternative Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production in the Concept

*by María Eugenia Eugenio, David Ibarra, Raquel Martín-Sampedro,* 

Influence of Size Classifications on the Structural and Solid-State

An Update on Overview of Cellulose, Its Structure and Applications

*Priyadharsini Venkat, Vidhya Shree, Chandrananthi Chithananthan,* 

Enzymatic Treatment and Loaded with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles *by Naser Gad Al-Balakocy, Khaled El-Badry and Talaat Mahmoud Hassan*

*by Oluyamo Sunday Samuel and Adekoya Mathew Adefusika*

*Shreya Choudhary, Krithika Surender and Keerthana Geetha*

Microbial Cellulases: An Overview and Applications

*by Sandhya Jayasekara and Renuka Ratnayake*

Insights from over 10 Years of Cellulosic Biofuel Modeling

*Eduardo Espinosa, Isabel Bascón and Alejandro Rodríguez*

of a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery

Characterization of Cellulose Materials

## Contents


Preface

This book presents important information about the structure of cellulose as well as

In Chapter 1, "Insights from over 10 Years of Cellulosic Biofuel Modeling", Daniel Inman et al. present insights gained from more than ten years of system dynamic modeling of cellulose to the biofuel industry in the United States. They use a publicly available Biomass Scenario Model to explore the impact of logistics, economies of scale, and shared industrial learning on the developing cellulose-to-biofuels industry in the United States. One theme from this study as well as from the work performed over the last decade is the importance of the movement of the system toward maturation, both in terms of the supply system and the conversion processes. Mature processes imply lower investment risk, better

In Chapter 2, "Alternative Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production in the Concept of a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery", María E. Eugenio Martín et al. study the use of non-wood raw materials to obtain cellulosic fibers. There exists a renewed interest in the use of non-woody raw materials due to them being an abundant source of low-cost fibers. In addition, they are sometimes the only exploitable source of fibers in certain geographical areas, mainly in developing countries. Moreover, the great variety of characteristics, fiber dimensions, and chemical composition of these alternative raw materials give them great potential to produce different types of papers. The pulp and paper industry is an excellent starting point for the development of lignocellulosic biorefineries, possessing the necessary technology and infrastructure as well as extensive experience in lignocellulosic biomass

In Chapter 3, "Influence of Size Classifications on the Structural and Solid-State Characterization of Cellulose Materials", Sunday Samuel Oluyamo and Mathew Adefusika Adekoya show the influence of size classification on the properties of cellulose materials. Their study focuses on the influence of size classifications on the structural and solid-state characterization of cellulose obtained from wood dust. The isolated cellulose exhibits good mechanical and solid-state properties with

In Chapter 4, "An Update on Overview of Cellulose, Its Structure and Applications", Praveen Kumar Gupta et al. review the chemistry of cellulose, its extraction, and the properties that help various industries to make the most of it. Cellulose is one of the most ubiquitous organic polymers on the planet. It is a significant structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, various forms of algae, and oomycetes. It is a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. There are various extraction procedures for cellulose developed by using different processes like oxidation, etherification, and esterification that convert the prepared celluloses into cellulose derivatives. Since it is a non-toxic, bio-degradable polymer with high tensile and compressive strength, cellulose has widespread use in various fields such as

its uses and applications.

transformation.

yields, and better process economics.

promising applications in device utilization.
