3.2 Drilling data selection

According to the data of soil parameters for soil liquefaction assessment according to the NJRA method, there are eight items of data, including the Peak ground acceleration (PGA), fines content (FC), clay content (Pc), 10% particle diameter (D10), average particle diameter (D50), SPT-N value, depth of groundwater level (Dw), soil depth (D), and other parameters, which can be used as parameters that affect the liquefaction judgment as follows.

According to [14], three seismic forces of different peak ground acceleration (PGA) are designed in this study:


Reference [15], based on the present soil data from the Niigata earthquake liquefaction area of Japan in 1964, concluded that liquefaction is less likely to occur when the soil fines content (FC) is greater than 35%; the selected liquefaction range: FC ≤ 35%.

Reference [16] showed that clay content (Pc) will exceed 20% and soil will not liquefy. Selected influence liquefaction range: Pc < 20%.

Reference [17] proposed the average particle diameter D50 less than 10 mm and D10 less than 1 mm of sandy soil, liquefaction may occur; selected impact liquefaction range: D50 ≤ 10 mm and D10 ≤ 1 mm.

Reference [18] used the SPT-N value to determine that the sandy soil with N value of less than 10 for weak sites and N value less than 4 for clay. Selected influence liquefaction range: SPT-N ≤ 10.

Reference [19] pointed out that shallow soils tend to liquefy, studies have shown that liquefaction mostly occurs within a depth of 20 m of the soil, so a more conservative impact on liquefaction range is used: Groundwater depth (Dw) < 10 m.

density, gross industrial output, environmentally sensitive areas, and land use, which, respectively, representing the population distribution, economic development, urban and rural environmental development, and other indicators. Vulnerability included four indicators from the land surveys conducted by the National

The Study of Risk Assessment of Soil Liquefaction on Land Development and Utilization by GIS…

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82417

In order to investigate the resilience indicator which can show the make Yun-Chia plain areas recover from disasters. This study considers the resilience references, data integrity and the indicators of representative fragility areas. There are

five representative indicators such as human development index, county budget, insurance coverage rate, social welfare workers, and communal participation rate, which represent social development, community

development, government resources, property protection, and social assistance,

Land Surveying and Mapping Center in 2015.

The distribution of drilled holes in Yunlin and Chiayi (drew by this study).

3.4 Resilience

Figure 4.

respectively.

65

According to a study by Japan's Niigata earthquake in 1964, Ref. [20] found that liquefaction did not occur when the casing pressure in the area was greater than 2 kg/cm2 . Therefore, we set the depth of liquefaction: Soil depth (D) ≤ 20 m.

According to the above criteria of soil parameter selection, this study selected Yun-Chia area as the research area, excluding the borehole with incomplete data. Based on the calculation of the soil liquefaction potential, it was 850 in Yunlin area and 880 in Chiayi area, as shown in Figure 4.

#### 3.3 Vulnerability

In order to investigate how vulnerability of soil liquefaction impact the urban and rural areas development in Yun-Chia Plain, this study considers the vulnerability references, data integrity, and the indicators of representative vulnerable areas. There are four indicators that represent factors such as population

The Study of Risk Assessment of Soil Liquefaction on Land Development and Utilization by GIS… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82417

Figure 4.

3.2 Drilling data selection

Geographic Information Systems and Science

(PGA) are designed in this study:

FC ≤ 35%.

< 10 m.

(D) ≤ 20 m.

greater than 2 kg/cm2

3.3 Vulnerability

64

According to the data of soil parameters for soil liquefaction assessment according to the NJRA method, there are eight items of data, including the Peak ground acceleration (PGA), fines content (FC), clay content (Pc), 10% particle diameter (D10), average particle diameter (D50), SPT-N value, depth of groundwater level (Dw), soil depth (D), and other parameters, which can be used as param-

According to [14], three seismic forces of different peak ground acceleration

(I) Small and medium-sized earthquakes: the regression period of 30 years, the

(III) The biggest consideration earthquake: the regression period of 2500 years,

Reference [16] showed that clay content (Pc) will exceed 20% and soil will not

Reference [17] proposed the average particle diameter D50 less than 10 mm and D10 less than 1 mm of sandy soil, liquefaction may occur; selected impact liquefac-

Reference [18] used the SPT-N value to determine that the sandy soil with N value of less than 10 for weak sites and N value less than 4 for clay. Selected

Reference [19] pointed out that shallow soils tend to liquefy, studies have shown that liquefaction mostly occurs within a depth of 20 m of the soil, so a more conservative impact on liquefaction range is used: Groundwater depth (Dw)

According to a study by Japan's Niigata earthquake in 1964, Ref. [20] found

According to the above criteria of soil parameter selection, this study selected Yun-Chia area as the research area, excluding the borehole with incomplete data. Based on the calculation of the soil liquefaction potential, it was 850 in Yunlin area

In order to investigate how vulnerability of soil liquefaction impact the urban and rural areas development in Yun-Chia Plain, this study considers the vulnerability references, data integrity, and the indicators of representative vulnerable areas. There are four indicators that represent factors such as population

. Therefore, we set the depth of liquefaction: Soil depth

that liquefaction did not occur when the casing pressure in the area was

Reference [15], based on the present soil data from the Niigata earthquake liquefaction area of Japan in 1964, concluded that liquefaction is less likely to occur when the soil fines content (FC) is greater than 35%; the selected liquefaction range:

(II) Earthquake design: in the 475 years of regression, the probability of

50-year surpassing probability is about 80%, 0.067 g.

50 years beyond the probability of about 2%, 0.36 g.

surpassing in 50 years is about 10%, 0.28 g.

liquefy. Selected influence liquefaction range: Pc < 20%.

tion range: D50 ≤ 10 mm and D10 ≤ 1 mm.

influence liquefaction range: SPT-N ≤ 10.

and 880 in Chiayi area, as shown in Figure 4.

eters that affect the liquefaction judgment as follows.

The distribution of drilled holes in Yunlin and Chiayi (drew by this study).

density, gross industrial output, environmentally sensitive areas, and land use, which, respectively, representing the population distribution, economic development, urban and rural environmental development, and other indicators. Vulnerability included four indicators from the land surveys conducted by the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center in 2015.

#### 3.4 Resilience

In order to investigate the resilience indicator which can show the make Yun-Chia plain areas recover from disasters. This study considers the resilience references, data integrity and the indicators of representative fragility areas. There are five representative indicators such as human development index, county budget, insurance coverage rate, social welfare workers, and communal participation rate, which represent social development, community development, government resources, property protection, and social assistance, respectively.
