**Author details**

Cláudia M. Viana, Patrícia Abrantes and Jorge Rocha Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

\*Address all correspondence to: jorge.rocha@campus.ul.pt

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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*Introductory Chapter: Geographic Information Systems and Science DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86121*
