12. Location-based service

The broad sector of services that can be thought off rely on users' location information, although the E-markets are finding their way. The main point is to remember that location is the useful bit of data that can be used to extract access to many types of geographical information and services. There are numerous ways to capitalise on location to provide more relevant, useful information, or derive new services. It can be particularly compelling when combined with other user profile to offer personalised, and location sensitive responses to customers [24, 25] differentiates emergency services, mobile operator services, and value-added services (VAS), focusing on the latter category as an opportunity in the expansion of E-Commerce.

Location-based application areas identified: communication, fleet management, routing, safety, security, and entertainment. Their services classified according to whether they apply to consumers, business customers, or employees in a firm as described in Table 1 which are customary. Most likely, LBS can provide combinations of available revenue models. The customers may be offered the choice between the advertiser and non-advertiser-supported services, with the former provided free of cost and the latter charged for service.

Existing proposals from operators and standardisation bodies specify a priority scheme whereby the core network elements (e.g.. Home Location Registers) have master control on location information. The disclosure of such information to other agencies (e.g., location servers, LBS serving nodes, Application Service Provider (ASP) is subject to subscriber needs (e.g., registration information) and regulatory frameworks.

The heterogeneity in user service needs is likely to be a feature of location-based events. It is crucial to develop suitably flexible middleware to support application developers in a 'pick-and-mix' approach to combining devices, networks and sensors. Upon entering the business, a local Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network may


14. Opportunities with LBS and VGI technology

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82004

15. LBS in real estate

and encumbrances.

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Availability of cheaper GPS enabled devices, the combination of GIS and GPS and internet has revolutionised the thinking and the service sector. The GPS provides the location data, and the GIS provides the connection regarding service availability. The Cab service which used the M-Commerce technology was able to provide the economical service as the nearest cab gets a ping for the request and upon the acceptance, the service rendered within a short duration. Likewise, even the user can ascertain the availability of cabby observing the position of the taxi. The beauty of the service was even commuters are pooled en route, thereby providing economic service, saving time and conserving environmental resources. The larger cities are having the issue of parking people prefer to use the service at doorsteps; the eateries are now come up with a solution to supply to their doors the Swiggy, Ubereats and Zomato are helping in this regard. The E-Commerce is also utilising the tracking service for the movement of commodities. The consumers and supplier chains are discovering the solutions by establishing in ideal locations. These service sector work opportunities are engaging a prominent figure of the younger contemporaries in their startups. The travel time is helpful in city environments for estimation and trip plan this provision will help even the workers save time and energy with optimal planning and performance. As pervasive and ubiquitous computing concept becomes more and more popular, accurate positioning plays a vital role in the scenario, embedded GPS in smartphones with assisted-GPS-marked a significant improvement in obtaining quick, precise positioning. While location-based applications usually need precise geographic coordinates. Upon the precise position on the map then LBS is requested. The medicine and diagnostic labs are provided services at doorsteps by the pharmaceutical shops and diagnostic laboratories. Some of the non-critical patients can avail the limited service from the doctors and nurses at their residence without visiting the hospital. These services have saved energy, money, time of patient and caretakers.

Volunteered Geographic Information System and Its Contribution in Service Sector Employment

The initiative like the E-Governance, E-Commerce to publish the spatial information of property details of Government/public lands along with land use restric-

Fast actions in cases of reports can be persuaded, thus reducing requisition and demolition costs drastically. Crowdsourcing and publication of spatial information on government properties and land use restrictions can prevent the further land encroachments. The data collected from healthy group volunteers will always be in quantitatively and qualitatively massive comparison with the one organisation and will lead towards big data in the future course. With the GIS the facility there is increased, refinement in the search. The geographical search for buildings can base on the criteria of school transport facility, sports complex, health aspects will narrow down to the required information. With the help of VGI service providers have come up for LBS of regular property visits with detailed reports including photo and video coverage(upon the long absence), collecting mail, water and electric bills and their payments with payment confirmation reports, collecting rents, assisting in insurance plans and claims, legal service regarding the documentation

tions for private properties. Thus, by saving time and money spent on legal proceedings. Thus mitigates the property encroachments. The crowdsourcing and the civil policing can fetch the latest information on incidences of encroachments,

thus reducing the patrolling cost for the authorities.

#### Table 1.

Location-based service applications.

provide additional information, and guide the consumer to their desired product. Some method for handover of such applications is needed, without requiring the consumer to re-input product preferences. The GIS area of potential future directions, it is evident that location is merely a starting point for personalisation and context-aware services that use other relevant information when constructing service offers. Moreover, the rapid deployment of alternative wireless technologies, such as WiFi (802.11) is an opportunity and threat for cellular operators, and will likely shape the future development of LBS. Some of the business giants are offering free WiFi service with the advertisement, and even telecom operators are also in this line.
