**Meet the editors**

Prof. Eduardo Jacob-Lopes is currently associate professor at the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria. He has more than 15 years of teaching and research experience. He is a technical and scientific consultant of several companies, agencies, and scientific journals. He has 450 publications/communications, which include 8 books, 28 book

chapters, 80 original research papers, 350 research communications in international and national conferences, and has registered 15 patents. His research interest includes environmental biotechnology with emphasis on microalgal biotechnology.

Prof. Leila Queiroz Zepka is currently associate professor at the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria. She is a technical and scientific consultant of several companies, agencies, and scientific journals. She has 350 publications/communications, which include 8 books, 25 book chapters, 70 original research papers, 280 research communications

in international and national conferences, and has registered 10 patents. Her research interest includes microalgal biotechnology with emphasis on biomolecules and natural pigments.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Biorefineries 1**

Gun Mardiatmoko

**A Review 47**

and Edmund Mupondwa

Kajornsak Faungnawakij

**Treatment Facilities 101**

**CICC 10025 85**

Madzimbamuto

Chapter 5 **Hydro-Fractionation for Biomass Upgrading 69**

Jacob-Lopes

Chapter 1 **Introductory Chapter: Renewable Resources and**

Chapter 3 **Solid Biomass from Forest Trees to Energy: A Review 23**

Chapter 4 **Pretreatment of Crop Residues by Application of Microwave Heating and Alkaline Solution for Biofuel Processing:**

Chapter 6 **Statistical Optimization of Acetoin Production Using Corn**

Chapter 7 **Energy Prospects of Hazardous Sludge from Wastewater**

Chapter 2 **From Forest Biomass to Carbon Trading 5**

Mariana Manzoni Maroneze, Leila Queiroz Zepka and Eduardo

Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Isabel Malico and Adélia M. O. Sousa

Obiora S. Agu, Lope G. Tabil, Venkatesh Meda, Tim Dumonceaux

Sanchai Kuboon, Wasawat Kraithong, Jaruwan Damaurai and

Abiola Ezekiel Taiwo, Tunde Victor Ojumu and Tafirenyika N.

Rijal Hakiki, Temmy Wikaningrum and Tetuko Kurniawan

**Steep Liquor as a Low-Cost Nitrogen Source by Bacillus Subtilis**
