3.2 Mathematical framework: Martian geometric Panspermia theory

The discussion here presents a mathematical model for describing the model of the universe as presented in the proposed Martian geometric Panspermia theory. The mathematical model considers the universe as comprising multiple locations, life conveying locations, life conveying material or mechanisms (or other life forms), life supporting locations, and life recording locations.

Life supporting locations are those locations where the conditions exist to support the presence of extra-terrestrial life. Let Ϛ, ζ and ϔ denote the set of (i) Life conveying locations, (ii) Life conveying mechanisms aided by micro-organisms and (iii) Life recording locations in the universe respectively.

Life conveying locations in this context refer to locations on Mars where meteorites to be ejected at a later epoch are located. Life conveying mechanisms describe the dynamics and processes ensuring the movement of ejected meteorites from Mars to earth. This is realizable while maintaining micro-organism composition in ejected meteorites. Life recording locations are those locations where the proof of the existence of extra-terrestrial life can be found.

$$\mathcal{L} = \left\{ \mathbf{\zeta}\_1, \mathbf{\zeta}\_2, \mathbf{\zeta}\_3, \dots, \mathbf{\zeta}\_A \right\} \tag{1}$$

$$\mathcal{L} = \{\zeta\_1, \zeta\_2, \zeta\_3, \dots, \zeta\_B\} \tag{2}$$

$$\ddot{\Upsilon} = \begin{Bmatrix} \ddot{\Upsilon}\_1, \ddot{\Upsilon}\_2, \ddot{\Upsilon}\_3, \dots, \ddot{\Upsilon}\_F \end{Bmatrix} \tag{3}$$

Life can be conveyed from location Ϛa;Ϛ<sup>a</sup> ϵ Ϛ to locations Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>1</sup>; Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>1</sup>ϵ Ϛ,Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>4</sup>; Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>4</sup> ϵ Ϛ and Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>7</sup>; Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>7</sup> ϵ Ϛ via life conveying material ζb; ζbϵ ζ and ζ<sup>b</sup>þ<sup>1</sup>; ζ<sup>b</sup>þ<sup>1</sup>ϵ ζ. For the purposes here, the locations Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>1</sup>,Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>4</sup> and Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>7</sup> Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>2</sup>; Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>2</sup> ϵ Ϛ, Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>3</sup>; Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>3</sup> ϵ Ϛ,Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>5</sup>;Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>5</sup> ϵ Ϛ and Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>6</sup>; Ϛ<sup>a</sup>þ<sup>6</sup> ϵ Ϛ are life supporting locations. The location Ϛ<sup>a</sup> is called the root location.

The locations ϔ<sup>f</sup> ; ϔ<sup>f</sup> ϵ ϔ; ϔ<sup>f</sup>þ<sup>1</sup>; ϔ<sup>f</sup>þ<sup>1</sup> ϵ ϔ; ϔ<sup>f</sup>þ<sup>2</sup>; ϔ<sup>f</sup>þ<sup>2</sup> ϵ ϔ act as life recording locations in the universe. They contain evidence of the action of life transfer process mechanisms by different micro-organisms. The action of life transfer by different micro-organisms is considered intelligent. Such a notion is supported by the evidence of intelligent behaviour in bacteria [27–29].

The notion that bacteria and microorganisms exhibit intelligent behaviour has received considerable interest [27–29]. The intelligent behaviour exhibited by microorganisms has been thought to evolve in response to surviving in their host environment. Intelligence requires the ability to act on information obtained from the environment. The capability to demonstrate intelligent behaviour implies that microorganisms can respond to environmental conditions from a base of stored information [27]. Therefore, it is feasible to think that microorganisms are capable of storing information.

It is inefficient for microorganisms to store all information relating to the processes in which they are engaged if all of such information is not required to develop survival strategies. An important piece of information that is considered not to be stored by the microorganism is those related to the pre-determination of geometrical forms of cell aggregation patterns. The storage of the information on the pre-determined geometrical forms is considered to increase micro-organism information overhead. Hence, it is not stored so that the microorganism can have high information storage and processing efficiency.

A scenario showing the relations between life recording locations, live conveying mechanisms and the earth is presented in Figure 1.

bio-signature detection. The effect of interference as observed here also affects the conduct of radio astronomy in the form of radio interference. This has received attention [23, 24]. The interference challenge posed by non-ideal sterilization can be addressed by finding another marker that can signify the presence or occurrence of life in Mars. This is important to ensure the realization of Mars exploration

The discussion in this section presents the human evolutionary perspective and

The Mars geometry Panspermia theory is of the perspective that the emergence of life was a multi-stage process. This multi-stage process ends in the aggregation of life forms leading to the emergence of first humans. In addition, the multi-stage process is considered a procedure in both lithopanspermia and radiopanspermia and other forms of life transfer mechanisms considered in the Panspermia perspective. The current perspective being considered in the concept of Panspermia is to search for microorganisms such as Bacteria in locations in spatial objects such as comets and meteorites [25]. For example, Wickramansinghe et al. [25] point out evidence that bacteria similar to terrestrial bacteria can be found in the stratosphere and low earth orbit at the international space station. The discussion opines that more actions leading to the emergence of life besides that of bacteria take place in space. The set of actions in this context have a cognitive component and provide the first form of intelligence. The implied intelligence influences the multi-stage pro-

The intelligent pre-determination of the aggregation pattern of life-forms. This aggregation does not occur on earth but leaves a trace behind in the universe. These traces are considered by the proposed Mars geometry Panspermia theory to exist on Mars meteorites. The multi-stage process is considered to be intelligent. The invoking of an intelligent process does not contravene the principles of scientific reasoning and logic. In this case, the invoking of intelligence constitutes the hypothesis for

Given that intelligence is present as argued; such intelligence must have influenced the process and pattern of initial life-form aggregation. The initial aggregation pattern presents a base for the principles of evolution to act in the organism or life-form at a later epoch. A notion of such intelligence can be found in [26]. The consideration of the intelligence in this chapter is intended to make a contribution to the domain of general intelligence and space science research. General intelligence in this context includes biologically inspired artificial intelligence. The concept of the presence of intelligent design requires a test procedure to establish its existence. Such

3. Mars geometrical Panspermia theory: concept and analysis

model of the proposed Mars geometrical Panspermia theory.

cess during which the aggregation of life forms take place.

a procedure would help to validate the Panspermia theory.

the research being presented.

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3.1 Underlying concept: Mars geometrical Panspermia theory

origins of the universe as being considered in the proposed Mars geometrical Panspermia theory. The discussion in this section is divided into two parts. The first part presents the underlying concept in the proposed Mars geometrical Panspermia theory. This part considers geometry as being associated with the activities of organics describing the aggregates of cell components. The geometry associated with activities leading to the aggregates of cells is considered as the bio-signature of interest. The second part presents the mathematical framework that describes the

mission.

Planetology - Future Explorations

focus in [32] is on analysing the ejection mechanics and dynamics associated with

The research focus on the Panspermia theory as seen in [31, 32] considers that life is propagated throughout the universe (within the solar system and outside the solar system). The focus has been on analysing the dynamics and investigating the relations between planets to enable life transfer to the earth. Mars has been widely considered as a planet from which life was seeded to the earth [10, 31–35]. The discussion in this chapter opines that the microbes and micro-organisms involved in the Panspermia life transfer process engage in different computational tasks. The execution of these computational tasks is considered feasible because earth based microorganisms such bacteria have been observed to engage in computational behaviour. This has led to the emergence of research in bacteria computing [36, 37]. In the discussion here, the Panspermia theory is considered to include the computational activities executed by microorganisms on meteorites sited in Mars. The evidence of such computation occurring on Martian meteorites is observed by Mars

Mars's meteorites play an important role in the Panspermia theory. They provide an environment enabling the interaction of microorganisms with astro-materials. Therefore, the meteorites can be considered as life recording locations. The ability of meteorites to move from Mars to earth motivates their consideration as life conveying locations. In the proposed Martian scanning, meteorites that are life recording locations are based on Mars. These meteorites are scanned within the Martian environment. The results from the scanning process are used to verify the

In the proposed Mars geometric Panspermia theory, the geometry associated with life-form aggregation is considered to be determined via a native microorganism optimization computation procedure. The optimization procedure aims to determine the geometry of different life-form aggregations. The geometry being implied is described in the two dimensional and three dimensional representations of different life-forms. The dimension of the geometry being considered is in the

The Mars scanning procedure is executed using Mars rovers and Mars based transceivers. The Mars rover hosts data storage payload that hosts multi-spectral, multi-angular and high resolution images of different life-form aggregation.

In addition, the Mars rovers hosts payload that can detect geometry of life forms with pre-defined dimensions. In this case, the dimension lies in the range of nanometers to millimeters. The Mars based transceiver transmits the detected results (from the Mars exploration mission) to earth via a communication network. The communication network receives results from the Mars rovers via the Mars based transceivers and sends it to an earth station. The scanning procedure is executed in a distributed manner. The geometrical forms are obtained in two dimensional and three dimensional representations. The geometrical forms are transmitted to an earth station via a communication network. Each Mars rover is pre-loaded with geometrical forms of different life-form aggregations that can be found in earth

Let θ<sup>1</sup> and θ<sup>2</sup> denote the set of geometrical forms on images in the Martian rover and geometry of aggregates of different life-forms in Mars's meteorite respectively. A match is considered to occur if ð Þ θ1∩θ<sup>2</sup> 6¼ ∅. The verification of the proposed

1.Initial cell aggregation image generation—This stage enables the generation of high resolution images of different aggregates of different life forms. The

exchanging life conveying biological material between planets.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86809

Generic Computing-Assisted Geometric Search for Human Design and Origins

rovers and transmitted to the earth via a communication network.

proposed Martian geometric Panspermia theory.

range of nanometers to millimeters.

theory takes place in the following steps:

based life forms.

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Figure 1.

Relations between life recording locations, life conveying mechanisms, Mars and earth as proposed in the Mars geometrical Panspermia theory.
