**Meet the editor**

Malin Liu is Associate Professor and Associate Director of the New Materials Division, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET), Tsinghua University, Beijing, PRC. Dr. Liu obtained his Ph.D. degree in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PRC, in July 2009, before beginning his research and teaching career at INET. He also served as

a visiting scholar at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, from 2008 to 2009. Dr. Liu has published more than 80 peer-reviewed papers, 30 China and PCT patents, and has also been elected to be responsible for 13 research projects. His research interests include design, fabrication, and evaluation of advanced nuclear fuels, including the FB-CVD method, (nano)particle fabrication/coating and process simulation, CFD/DEM/PBM simulation methods, and SiC sintering technology.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Technology 3**

**Approach Synthesis 25**

**Ferrite Polycrystals 45**

**Section 2 Application 63**

Zulkifli

Nuraine Mariana Mohd Shahrani

Chapter 1 **Advanced Ceramic Materials Sintered by Microwave**

Amparo Borrell and Maria Dolores Salvador

Chapter 2 **Sintering Processing of Complex Magnetic Ceramic Oxides: A Comparison Between Sintering of Bottom-Up Approach Synthesis and Mechanochemical Process of Top-Down**

Zhi Huang Low, Ismayadi Ismail and Kim Song Tan

Chapter 4 **Conventional Sintering Effects on the Microstructure and**

Chapter 5 **Nanostructured Pure and Doped Zirconia: Synthesis and Sintering for SOFC and Optical Applications 85**

Lu, Radu Piticescu and Alain Largeteau

Chapter 3 **Sintering Temperature Effect on Microstructure and Magnetic**

**Evolution Properties with Nano- and Micrometer Grain Size in**

**Electrical Characteristics of Low-Voltage Ceramic Varistor 65** Mohd Sabri Mohd Ghazali, Muhamad Syaizwadi Shaifudin, Wan Rafizah Wan Abdullah, Wan Mohamad Ikhmal Wan Mohamad Kamaruzzaman, Maria Fazira Mohd Fekeri and Muhamad Azman

Mythili Prakasam, Sorina Valsan, Yiying Lu, Felix Balima, Wenzhong

Raba'ah Syahidah Azis, Muhammad Syazwan Mustaffa and

**Section 1 Method 1**

## Contents

### **Preface XI**

**Section 1 Method 1**


Raba'ah Syahidah Azis, Muhammad Syazwan Mustaffa and Nuraine Mariana Mohd Shahrani


### Chapter 6 **On the Performance of Carbon Nanotubes on Sintered Alumina-Zirconia Ceramics 107**

Miguel Humberto Bocanegra-Bernal, Alfredo Aguilar-Elguezabal, Armando Reyes-Rojas, Carlos Dominguez-Rios and Armando Garcia-Reyes

Preface

*Sintering Technology - Method and Application* is a collection of several chapters proposed by many authors. Sintering technology is an old and extensive technology in many areas, and it has been used especially in ceramic fabrication. This book covers many fields, such as tradi‐ tional sintering techniques, including hot isostatic pressing, mold casting and sintering in conventional ovens, and also development of different sintering technologies in recent years, including spark plasma sintering, flash sintering, microwave sintering, reaction and laser sintering, and so on. However, the focus is mainly on microwave sintering technology. The effects of temperature on sintering behavior are given. A top-down approach called the mechanochemical method is compared with the sintering technique. Also described in this book are the applications of sintering technology, such as carbon nanotubes mixed with alu‐

mina and zirconia ceramics, pure and doped zirconia, and ZnO ceramic varistors.

The editor thanks all the authors and staff who assisted in the project. This book will be helpful for those researchers who are engaged in sintering technology and related fields.

**Malin Liu**

Tsinghua University Beijing, China

Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology

## Preface

Chapter 6 **On the Performance of Carbon Nanotubes on Sintered**

Miguel Humberto Bocanegra-Bernal, Alfredo Aguilar-Elguezabal, Armando Reyes-Rojas, Carlos Dominguez-Rios and Armando

**Alumina-Zirconia Ceramics 107**

Garcia-Reyes

**VI** Contents

*Sintering Technology - Method and Application* is a collection of several chapters proposed by many authors. Sintering technology is an old and extensive technology in many areas, and it has been used especially in ceramic fabrication. This book covers many fields, such as tradi‐ tional sintering techniques, including hot isostatic pressing, mold casting and sintering in conventional ovens, and also development of different sintering technologies in recent years, including spark plasma sintering, flash sintering, microwave sintering, reaction and laser sintering, and so on. However, the focus is mainly on microwave sintering technology. The effects of temperature on sintering behavior are given. A top-down approach called the mechanochemical method is compared with the sintering technique. Also described in this book are the applications of sintering technology, such as carbon nanotubes mixed with alu‐ mina and zirconia ceramics, pure and doped zirconia, and ZnO ceramic varistors.

The editor thanks all the authors and staff who assisted in the project. This book will be helpful for those researchers who are engaged in sintering technology and related fields.

> **Malin Liu** Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing, China

**Section 1**

**Method**

**Section 1**
