**Author details**

Juan José Muñoz1 and Agustín G. Zapata1,2\*

\*Address all correspondence to: zapata@ucm.es

1 Center for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

2 Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

#### **References**


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**Acknowledgements**

34 Histology

**Conflict of interest**

**Author details**

Juan José Muñoz1

Madrid, Spain

**References**

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Authors declare no competing or financial interests.

\*Address all correspondence to: zapata@ucm.es

and Agustín G. Zapata1,2\*

This work was supported by grants BFU2013-41112-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Cell Therapy Network (RD12/0019/0007) from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consume and Avancell-CM (S2017/BMD-3692) from Community of Madrid.

1 Center for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University of Madrid,

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**Chapter 3**

Provisional chapter

**Histology of Umbilical Cord in Mammals**

The histology is one of the most important disciplines for studying of organic tissues such as the placenta, umbilical cord and related structures which has been poorly studied in mammals, mainly in domestic animals. The umbilical cord, connection between fetus and mother, is one of the most important anatomical structures related to the development of the animal during their stage of formation due to its participation as responsible of the exchange of nutrients and protection of the structural vessels. There are several researches which have described anatomic, histological, immunohistochemical characteristics of the main constituents of the umbilical cord in wild and domestic animals due to its importance in the maintaining of the fetus during their development. The present chapter recompiles and describes the majority of researches about histological characteristics of the constituents of the umbilical cord included images and graphics that improve the understanding about the histological main differences found among mammals and also, this review aims to be a great helpful for the pathologist, surgeons and staff dedicated to reproduction and research about stem cells, this last considered one of the fields of special

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80766

Keywords: allantoic duct, histology, umbilical artery, umbilical cord, umbilical vein,

When an animal is born, it is necessary that several changes in the fetal circulation appear such as fast closure of some anatomical communication channels by coordinated mechanisms which arrows to autonomic life. The umbilical orifice permits the passage of the umbilical

The majority of mammals have an umbilical cord and eventually an umbilicus, but sea shell-

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Histology of Umbilical Cord in Mammals

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

interest since some years ago in veterinary medicine.

cord, being this characteristic a natural defect [1].

fish, the whole animals, looks like an umbilicus [1].

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80766

Luis Manuel Barrios Arpi

Luis Manuel Barrios Arpi

Abstract

mammals

1. Introduction

#### **Histology of Umbilical Cord in Mammals** Histology of Umbilical Cord in Mammals

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80766

#### Luis Manuel Barrios Arpi Luis Manuel Barrios Arpi

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80766

#### Abstract

The histology is one of the most important disciplines for studying of organic tissues such as the placenta, umbilical cord and related structures which has been poorly studied in mammals, mainly in domestic animals. The umbilical cord, connection between fetus and mother, is one of the most important anatomical structures related to the development of the animal during their stage of formation due to its participation as responsible of the exchange of nutrients and protection of the structural vessels. There are several researches which have described anatomic, histological, immunohistochemical characteristics of the main constituents of the umbilical cord in wild and domestic animals due to its importance in the maintaining of the fetus during their development. The present chapter recompiles and describes the majority of researches about histological characteristics of the constituents of the umbilical cord included images and graphics that improve the understanding about the histological main differences found among mammals and also, this review aims to be a great helpful for the pathologist, surgeons and staff dedicated to reproduction and research about stem cells, this last considered one of the fields of special interest since some years ago in veterinary medicine.

Keywords: allantoic duct, histology, umbilical artery, umbilical cord, umbilical vein, mammals
